Monohybrid cross

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Monohybrid cross

Dominance

Mendelian inheritance

Ch 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) This hypothesis can explain the reappearance of traits after several generations Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments

Virtual Fly Lab

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Drosophila melanogaster

P-value

Name __________________________________ Period ___________ AP Biology Lab 7: Genetics of Drosophila (virtual version) Overview In this lab you will be doing virtual genetic crosses of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). You will learn how to collect data from F1 and F2 generations and analyze the results from a monohybrid, dihybrid, or sex-linked cross. Objectives Use chi-square to analyze data Understand the life cycle of fruit flies Investigate the independent assortment of two genes and determine whether the two genes are autosomal or sex-linked using a multi-generation experiment Introduction

Lab 7

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Drosophila melanogaster

P-value

Name __________________________________ Period ___________ AP Biology Lab 7: Genetics of Drosophila (virtual version) Overview In this lab you will be doing virtual genetic crosses of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). You will learn how to collect data from F1 and F2 generations and analyze the results from a monohybrid, dihybrid, or sex-linked cross. Objectives Use chi-square to analyze data Understand the life cycle of fruit flies Investigate the independent assortment of two genes and determine whether the two genes are autosomal or sex-linked using a multi-generation experiment Introduction

Ap Bio. Chapter 14 Review

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments Mendel?s Experimental, Quantitative Approach Advantages of pea plants for genetic study:

chapter 14 notes

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? One possible explanation of heredity is a ?blending? hypothesis The idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green An alternative to the blending model is the ?particulate? hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes Gregor Mendel Documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas Figure 14.1 Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity

Genetics 1

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Philosophy of biology

Mendelian inheritance

Mendelian Genetics All Materials ? Cmassengale? 1862 1868 1880 Genetic Terminology: Trait?- any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring Heredity?- passing of traits from parent to offspring Genetics?- study of heredity Alleles?- two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive) Dominant?- stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a?capital letter (R) Recessive?- gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a?lowercase letter (r) Genotype?- gene combination for a trait (e.g. RR, Rr, rr) Phenotype?- the physical feature resulting from a genotype (e.g. tall, short) Homozygous?genotype - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (e.g. RR or rr); also called?pure?

Mendel and Meoisis

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Meiosis

Homologous chromosome

Monohybrid cross

Chromosome

Gamete

Mendel and Meiosis Meiosis Genes, Chromosomes, and Numbers Organisms have tens of thousands of genes that determine their traits These genes are lined up on chromosomes (one can contain 1,000+ genes) In body cells of most plants and animals, chromosomes occur in pairs (one from mom, one from dad) Diploid: a cell with two of each kind of chromosome (2n) Organisms have two factors, called alleles, for each trait Organisms produce gametes that contain one of each kind of chromosome Haploid: a cell containing one of each kind of chromosome (n) Homologous chromosomes: the two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell Each member of a pair has genes for the same traits, arranged in the same order, but not necessarily identical

linkage chi-square test

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Chi-squared distribution

chi-squared

Chromosomal crossover

1 LECTURE: Linkage & Chi-square test Linkage & Chi-squared Test Outline and Objective 2 ? Accounting for disruptions in expected Mendelian ratios ? Application of the Chi-square test ? Objective: At the end of this lesson you should be able to: 1. Define the term linked gene 2. Differentiate between results obtained from linked genes and non-linked genes in dihybrid crosses 3. Write a null hypothesis 4. Apply the chi-squared test to results observed from crosses LECTURE: Linkage & Chi-square test 3 Review ?We have been looking so far at inheritance of genes on different chromosomes. ? Since humans for example, have thousands of traits, each chromosome must carry a large number of genes.

Chapter 10- Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Cont.

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Philosophy of biology

Mendelian inheritance

Recessive

Hybrid

Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Cont. MENDELIAN GENETICS -The parent generation known as the P generation -The offspring of this P cross is calle dthe first filial (F1) generation -The second filial (F2) generation is the offspring of the F1 cross -Mendel studied seven different traits: -Seed or pea color -Flower color -Seed pod color -Seed shape or texture -Seed pod shape -Stem length -Flower position GENES IN PAIRS -Allele -An alternative form of a single gene passed form generation to generation -Dominant -Recessive DOMINANCE -An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait is homozygous -An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait is heterozygous GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE

Campbell Biology Chapter 14 Summary

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Philosophy of biology

Introduction to genetics