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Meiosis

Biology

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03.01 Mitosis Binary Fission Mutation Transduction Conjugation Transformation 03.02 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Diploid and Haploid Cells Sex Chromosomes Meiosis Ova and Sperm Mitosis vs. Meiosis 03.03 Mendel Mendel?s Experiment Hybridization Mendel?s Conclusions Patterns of Inheritance Inheritence Self-Check 03.04 Probability Genetic Vocabulary homozygous heterozygous phenotype genotype. Punnett Squares Test Crosses Independent Assortment dihybrid Extended Genetics Multiple Alleles Codominance Sex Linked Traits Pedigree 03.05 Structure of DNA DNA Replication RNA and DNA Flow of Genetic Information Transcription-Translation The Genetic Code 03.06 Mutations Gene Mutations Genetic Variation Gene Expression Helpful and Harmful Mutations Examples of Mutations Cancer 03.07

Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 7th Edition, ? Pearson Education, Inc. 12-1 Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lecture Outline Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division ? The ability of organisms to reproduce their kind is the one characteristic that best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter. ? The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. ? The division of a unicellular organism reproduces an entire organism, increasing the population. ? Cell division on a larger scale can produce progeny for some multicellular organisms. ? This includes organisms that can grow by cuttings.

Mitosis and Meiosis

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2/27/13 1:16 PM Sisterchromatids ? 2 identical copies of a chromosome/chromatin attached at a centromere. Meiosis 2 divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. During Meiosis I Crossing over ? exchanges genetic information between homologous chromosomes. Independent assortment ? Line up randomly and separate into daughter cells Both increase genetic diversity in sexual reproduction. During Meiosis II Sisterchromatids divide Final Result 4 cells, haploid genetically different from original cell. Mitosis and Meiosis 2/27/13 1:16 PM 2/27/13 1:16 PM
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Ch. 46 Notes*

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Ch 46 Sexual Zygote ? fertilized egg Gamete- sex cell Egg Sperm Asexual Most animals do sexy only, but some do asex or both Mechanisms of Asex reproduction Invertebrates Fission-separation of a parent organisms into 2 individuals of equal size Sea anemone Budding- new individuals come from outgrowth of existing ones Corals Fragmentation and regeneration Sponges, cnidarians Parthenogenesis-asex where egg develops without being fertilized Bees, wasps, ants Haploid ? no meiosis occurred, no fertilization occurred, becomes adult that makes either egg or sperm. ? mainly male in honeybee and some ant populations Diploid- develop from fertilized eggs, becomes adult- worker ant or bees

Government

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Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely related individuals of the same species. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or inheritance. However, offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Farmers have bred plants and animals for desired traits for thousands of years, but the mechanisms of heredity and variation eluded biologists until the development of genetics in the 20th century. Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation.

Meiosis

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Meiosis

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? Meiosis??I. Formation of Haploid Cells???? A. In animals, meiosis produces gametes, haploid reproductive cells???? ??? 1. In humans, sperm + egg cells???? ??? 2. Each contain 23 (1n) chromosomes???? ??? 3. Fusion results in a zygote that contains 46 (2n) chromosomes???? B. Undergo the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase.???? C. Begin meiosis with a duplicate set of chromosomes, but undergo meiosis twice???? ??? 1. Diploid (2n) cells result in four haploid (1n) cells???? D. Meiosis I- Stages of the first cell division???? E. Meiosis II- Stages of the second cell division?II. Meiosis I???? A. Prophase I???? ??? 1. DNA coils into chromosomes, spindle fibers appear (like mitosis)???? ??? 2. Nucleolus & nuclear membrane disassemble (like mitosis)???? ??? 3.

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