organic chemistry

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Chemical nomenclature

Isomerism

Alkanes

Alkene

Alkyne

Ether

1 AP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic Chemistry 22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula CnH2n+2 2. Carbons are sp3 hybridized The First 10 Alkanes # of Carbons Name Formula (CnH2n+2) 1 Methane CH4 2 Ethane C2H6 3 Propane C3H8 4 Butane C4H10 5 Pentane C5H12 6 Hexane C6H14 7 Heptane C7H16 8 Octane C8H18 9 Nonane C9H20 10 Decane C10H22 B. Structural Isomers 1. Same formula, but the atoms are bonded together in a different order 2. Different bonding order results in different properties C4H10 Butane C4H10 2-methylpropane C. Rules for Naming Alkanes (Nomenclature) 1. For a branched hydrocarbon, the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

AP Bio Chp 4

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Isomerism

Isomer

Carbon

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 1. Study this figure of Stanley Miller?s experiment to simulate conditions thought to have existed on the early Earth. Explain the elements of this experiment, using arrows to indicate what occurs in various parts of the apparatus. 2. What was collected in the sample for chemical analysis? What was concluded from the results of this experiment?

BIO CH 3 TEST

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Chemical nomenclature

Isomer

Carbon

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Organic Chapter 11 ppt

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Pyridinium chlorochromate

Alcohol

Tosyl

Alkene

Ether

Aldehyde

Carboxylic acid

Jones oxidation

Electrophile

Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 11 * Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone, acids Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Summary Table => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts CrO42- reduced to Cr2O3 KMnO4 reduced to MnO2 Oxidation: loss of H2, gain of O, O2, or X2 Reduction: gain of H2 or H-, loss of O, O2, or X2 Neither: gain or loss of H+, H2O, HX => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * 1?, 2?, 3? Carbons => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Sample Problems (1)

Organic Chapter 10 ppt

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Alcohol

Ether

Ketone

Alkoxide

Carbonyl

Organolithium reagent

Chapter 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 10 * Structure of Alcohols Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group Oxygen is sp3 hybridized. Versatile synthetic intermediates Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classification Determined by carbinol carbon atom: Primary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to two other carbons. Tertiary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classify these: Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * IUPAC Nomenclature Find the longest carbon chain containing the carbon with the -OH group.

Organic Chapter 9 ppt

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Hydroboration–oxidation reaction

Alkyne

Alkene

Ketone

Chapter 9 Alkynes Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 9 * Introduction Alkynes (a.k.a. acetylenes) contain a triple bond. General formula is CnH2n-2. Two elements of unsaturation for each triple bond. Some reactions are like alkenes: addition and oxidation. Some reactions are specific to alkynes. Chapter 9 Alkynes in Nature Chapter 9 * Nomenclature: IUPAC Find the longest chain containing the triple bond. Change -ane ending to -yne. Number the chain, starting at the end closest to the triple bond. Give branches or other substituents a number to locate their position. => Chapter 9 Chapter 9 * Name these: propyne 5-bromo-2-pentyne

Organic Chapter 4 ppt

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Free-radical halogenation

Chemical kinetics

Radical

Ethane

Alkane

Electrophile

Chapter 4 The Study of Chemical Reactions Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 4 * Introduction Reactants ? Products: overall reaction. Mechanism: complete step-by-step description of exactly which bonds break and form in what order to give observed products To learn more about a reaction: Thermodynamics Kinetics. => Chapter 4 Chapter 4 * Thermodynamics study of energy changes provides an opportunity to: compare stability of reactants and products predict which compounds are favored Kinetics study of reaction rates, determining which products form the fastest helps predict how the rate will change if conditions are changed Chapter 4 Chapter 4 * Chlorination of Methane

AP BIO Chapter 04

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Chemical nomenclature

Isomer

Carbon

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

AP BIO CHP 4 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Chem Ch. 8

Subject: