Isomerism

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Functional Groups

Isomerism

Alkanes

Alkene

Alkyne

Ether

1 AP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic Chemistry 22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula CnH2n+2 2. Carbons are sp3 hybridized The First 10 Alkanes # of Carbons Name Formula (CnH2n+2) 1 Methane CH4 2 Ethane C2H6 3 Propane C3H8 4 Butane C4H10 5 Pentane C5H12 6 Hexane C6H14 7 Heptane C7H16 8 Octane C8H18 9 Nonane C9H20 10 Decane C10H22 B. Structural Isomers 1. Same formula, but the atoms are bonded together in a different order 2. Different bonding order results in different properties C4H10 Butane C4H10 2-methylpropane C. Rules for Naming Alkanes (Nomenclature) 1. For a branched hydrocarbon, the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

AP Bio Chp 4

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Isomerism

Functional Groups

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 1. Study this figure of Stanley Miller?s experiment to simulate conditions thought to have existed on the early Earth. Explain the elements of this experiment, using arrows to indicate what occurs in various parts of the apparatus. 2. What was collected in the sample for chemical analysis? What was concluded from the results of this experiment?

BIO CH 3 TEST

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Functional Groups

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Organic Chapter 7 ppt

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Alkenes

Butene

Cyclohexane conformation

Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District ? 2006, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 7 * Introduction Hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds Sometimes called olefins Term derived from olefiant gas meaning ?oil-forming gas? Originates with early experiments and the oily appearance of alkene derivatives Chapter 7 Chapter 7 * Characteristics Among most important industrial compounds and found in many plants and animals Ethylene ? a.k.a. ethene largest volume industrial organic compound used to make polyethylene and others Pinene ? major component of turpentine ? paint solvent distilled from extracts of evergreen trees Chapter 7 Chapter 7 *

AP BIO Chapter 04

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

AP BIO CHP 4 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 4

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch4

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Chapter?4 Carbon?and?the?Molecular?Diversity?of?Life Multiple-Choice?Questions 1) Organic?chemistry?is?a?science?based?on?the?study?of A) functional?groups. B) vital?forces?interacting?with?matter. C) carbon?compounds. D) water?and?its?interaction?with?other?kinds?of?molecules. E) inorganic?compounds. Answer: C Topic: Concept?4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Early?19th-century?scientists?believed?that?living?organisms?differed?from?nonliving?things?as?a?result?of possessing?a??life?force??that?could?create?organic?molecules?from?inorganic?matter.?The?term?given?to?this?belief is A) organic?synthesis. B) vitalism. C) mechanism. D) organic?evolution. E) inorganic?synthesis. Answer: B Topic: Concept?4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Campbell Biology Chapter 4 Study Guide

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Alkane

Name Period Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 1. Study this figure of Stanley Miller?s experiment to simulate conditions thought to have existed on the early Earth. Explain the elements of this experiment, using arrows to indicate what occurs in various parts of the apparatus. What was collected in the sample for chemical analysis? What was concluded from the results of this experiment? Concept 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Make an electron distribution diagram of carbon. It is essential that you know the answers to these questions: How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds can carbon form?

Campbell Biology Test Bank Chapter 4

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