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Membrane biology

AP Bio Unit Objectives (Chapter 8)

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Chapter 8: Membrane structure and function Membrane Structure Membrane models have evolved to fit new data Membranes are fluid Membranes are mosaics of structure and function Membrane carbohydrates are important for cell-cell recognition Traffic across membranes A membranes molecular organization results in selective permeability Permeability of the lipid bilayer Transport proteins Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane Osmosis is the passive transport of water Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake and loss Water balance of cells without walls Water balance of cells with walls Specific proteins facilitate the passive transport of water and selected solutes Active transport is the pumping of solutes against their gradients

BIO 101 MOCK EXAM 1

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Bio 101- Sparace Fall 2013 Mock Exam 1: Chpt 2-7 15 / P / 30.973761 What is the atomic mass of Phosphorus? 5 8 15 30.973761 How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have? 2 5 8 15 Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that make up 90% of living matter? Carbon Oxygen Helium Nitrogen Hydrogen What are the subatomic particles that make up atoms? Px, Py, and Pz Protons, neutrons, and electrons Anions, cations, and nutrions Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen What is the sum of protons and neutrons? Atomic number Nuclear ratio Electronegativity Atomic mass Which bonds rely on the equal or unequal sharing of electrons? Hydrogen Bonds

Analyses of first AP Labs

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Analyses Osmosis and Diffusion Osmosis and Diffusion are processes of passive transport. In this lab we studied the basic concepts of molecular movement in solutions. During the execution of the experiment, I became aware that molecules are in constant motion and tend to move from areas of higher concentration to those of lower concentration. Diffusion is the movement of molecules following that concentration gradient. It occurs on the diverse states of matter. Osmosis refers to the specialized diffusion of molecules of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Diffusion Worksheets

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AP Biology James Pre-Lab: Diffusion and Osmosis in Model Systems In parts 1 and 2 of this lab, you will have the opportunity to investigate the processes of diffusion and osmosis in model membrane systems. You will also investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissues. Objectives: At the completion of this AP laboratory, you should be able to: Describe the mechanisms of diffusion and osmosis. Describe how solute size and molar concentration affect the process of diffusion through a selectively-permeable membrane. Describe the relationship between solutions that are hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic. Design an experiment to demonstrate water potential.

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1 Division Ave High School Ms. Foglia AP Biology AP Biology Cell Membrane AP Biology Overview ?? Cell membrane separates living cell from nonliving surroundings ?? thin barrier = 8nm thick ?? Controls traffic in & out of the cell ?? selectively permeable ?? allows some substances to cross more easily than others ?? hydrophobic vs hydrophilic ?? Made of phospholipids, proteins & other macromolecules AP Biology Phospholipids Fatty acid Phosphate ?? Fatty acid tails ?? hydrophobic ?? Phosphate group head ?? hydrophilic ?? Arranged as a bilayer Aaaah, one of those structure?function examples AP Biology Phospholipid bilayer polar hydrophilic heads nonpolar hydrophobic tails polar hydrophilic heads AP Biology

Chapter 11 Cell Communication

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Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 7th Edition, ? Pearson Education, Inc. 11-1 Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lecture Outline Overview: The Cellular Internet ? Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms. ? Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities. ? Communication between cells is also important for many unicellular organisms. ? Biologists have discovered universal mechanisms of cellular regulation involving the same small set of cell-signaling mechanisms. ? The ubiquity of these mechanisms provides additional evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life. ? Cells most often communicate by chemical signals, although signals may take other forms.

Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function

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Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function Plasma membrane separates living cell from its surroundings Controls traffic into and out of the cell it surrounds Selectively permeable: allows some substances to cross easier than others One of the earliest episodes in the evolution of life may have been the formation of a membrane that enclosed a solution different from the surrounding solution while still permitting the uptake of nutrients and elimination of waste products. Ability of cell to discriminate in chemical exchanges with its environment is fundamental to life Lipids and proteins are the staple of membranes; carbohydrates are also important Phospholipid is amphipathic meaning it has hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Ch. 6 Notes

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Ch. 6: A Tour of the Cell All organisms are made of cells simplest collection of matter that can be alive Microscopy progressed the discovery and early study of cells Robert Hooke looked at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree Antoni von Leeuwenhoek ? intro to the world of microorganisms Cell fractionation takes cells apart and separates major organelles and subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Euk: DNA is in the nucleus Pro: DNA is in the nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane) Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger Cytosol: semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Biological membrane: phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded Nucleus contains most of the genes in the cell

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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9/28/13 2:53 PM Tools used to study cells Microscopy Light microscope Electron microscope Scanning Transmission Cell fractionation - centrifuge Cells ? simplest collection of matter that can be alive All contain: Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm ? interior of cell Limited to small size because High SA to volume ration necessary for exchange between cell & environment As cells grow, volume increases at higher rate than SA Prokaryotic Lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles Nucleoid Location of DNA Not membrane enclosed Fimbriae Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Surface to volume ratio is important parameter affecting cell size & shape ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL Nucleus Functions: Houses chromosomes

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Ch.7 ? Membrane What makes something alive? What do all living things have in common? Carbon based Cells DNA Living organisms 1.8 million known species 10-100 million estimates species 3 domains Bacteria Archea Eukarya Same basic components Cells ? lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Eukaryotic ? nucleus & other membrane-bound structures Prokaryotic ? simpler, membrane & DNA Cells & tissues made from same set of chemicals Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Organic molecules/nutrients cycle through organisms & environment All organisms transfer & transform energy to power cellular processes Living organisms have been around for billions of years Prokaryotes ? 3.5 billion years ago Eukaryotes ? 2 billion Multi-cellular life ? 1.2 billion

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