Membrane transport

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cell

Photosynthesis

Glucose

Answer Sheet for Assessment Practice Name: Date: 12th Feb Unit Name: Cellular Energy A A D B B A C C C Figure 1 is the Granum or Thylakoids, and the light dependent phase reaction occurs here. Then figure 2 is an area where the Calvin cycle occurs and is called the Stroma.

Cell Membranes

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Membrane biology

Cell membrane

Lipid bilayer

Membrane protein

Vesicle

Cell Membranes Contents: Structure: the basics Fluid mosaic model/freeze fracture technique Membrane fluidity Membrane fluidity and cholesterol The Basics? The plasma membrane separates the living cell from its surroundings Phospholipids make up the majority of the bilayer Phospholipids consists of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules: containing both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region The plasma membrane is described by the fluid mosaic model: The membrane is fluid with a variety of ?mosaic? proteins embedded in it The plasma membrane is selectively permeable: Small fat soluble (hydrophobic ? non polar) molecules, can enter the cell through the lipid bilayer (this occurs rapidly) e.g. hydrocarbons

Membrane Structure and Function

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Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Overview: Life at the Edge the plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings selectively permeable: allows some substances to cross it more easily than others Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins a phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule, meaning it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions head composed of phosphate group attached to one carbon of glycerol two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic in the fluid mosaic model, the membrane is a fluid structure with a ?mosaic? of various proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids Membrane Models: Scientific Inquiry phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane

Campbell Biology Chapter 7 Outline

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Biological membrane

Carrier protein

Passive transport

Mica Piro Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function Selective permeability: the plasma membrane allows some substances to cross it more easily than others Cellular Membranes are Fluid Mosaics of Lipids and Proteins (7.1) The ability of phospholipids to form membranes is inherent in their molecular structure?a phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule (has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region) A phospholipid bilayer can exist as a stable boundary between 2 aqueous compartments because the molecular arrangement shelters the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids from water while exposing the hydrophilic heads to the water Most membrane proteins are amphipathic

Cellular signaling and the cell membrane

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Chapter 5: Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling Amphiphatic- refers to something that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions the cell membrane proteins Fluidity Low Temperatures-less fluid because the phospholipids pack together tightly Factors that Affect Fluidity: Amount of phospholipids- phospholipids have kinks in the tails due to their hydrogen bonds which make them harder to pack Cholesterol- inhibits the packing of the phospholipid tails at LOW TEMPERATURE. AT HIGH TEMPERATURE, it solidifies the membrane because it inhibits the movement of tails Proteins in the Membrane Intergal-penetrate the membrane, hydrophobic exterior, hydrophilic interior Peripheral-lie on either side of the membrane Major Protein Functions: -Transport-allows materials to diffuse

AP Bio Unit Objectives (Chapter 8)

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Exocytosis

Cell membrane

Membrane transport

Chapter 8: Membrane structure and function Membrane Structure Membrane models have evolved to fit new data Membranes are fluid Membranes are mosaics of structure and function Membrane carbohydrates are important for cell-cell recognition Traffic across membranes A membranes molecular organization results in selective permeability Permeability of the lipid bilayer Transport proteins Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane Osmosis is the passive transport of water Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake and loss Water balance of cells without walls Water balance of cells with walls Specific proteins facilitate the passive transport of water and selected solutes Active transport is the pumping of solutes against their gradients

Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function

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Ch. 7 Membrane Structure and Function Plasma membrane separates living cell from its surroundings Controls traffic into and out of the cell it surrounds Selectively permeable: allows some substances to cross easier than others One of the earliest episodes in the evolution of life may have been the formation of a membrane that enclosed a solution different from the surrounding solution while still permitting the uptake of nutrients and elimination of waste products. Ability of cell to discriminate in chemical exchanges with its environment is fundamental to life Lipids and proteins are the staple of membranes; carbohydrates are also important Phospholipid is amphipathic meaning it has hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Cell Membrane

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Passive transport

Red blood cell

Biological membrane

Active transport - The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. Carrier protein - A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. Channel protein - A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through.

Cell Membrane

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Passive transport

Transmembrane protein

Red blood cell

Active transport - The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. Carrier protein - A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. Channel protein - A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through.

Campbell Biology Ch 7 Study Guide

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Membrane biology

Cell membrane

Biological membrane

Active transport