Quantum chemistry

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Theoretical chemistry

Atomic physics

Chemical bond

Orbital hybridisation

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#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride Essential Elements of Life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are those required by an organism in minute quantities LE 2-3 Nitrogen deficiency Iodine deficiency LE 2-4 Nucleus Electrons Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atoms of the various elements differ in number of subatomic particles Atomic number Mass number Atomic mass Isotopes Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons

Chemistry

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Chemistry Study Guide Unit 1: Measurement and the Methods of Chemistry Counting significant figures: 1) leading zeros never count 2) Trailing zeros only count if there is a decimal point written 3) All numbers that aren?t leading or trailing zeros count Unit 2: Atomic Structure, Periodicity, and Nuclear Energy Proton: +1 (charge) Neutron: 0 (charge) Electron: -1 (charge) Atomic number= number of protons within an atom Atomic mass= total weight of the atom. P+N If there is a power to the left of the element, that implies the mass. Isotope: same atom with same atomic number, but different number of neutrons. Different weight. Neutrons and protons are INSIDE nucleus. Electrons on orbitals. Valence electrons= electrons on outermost shell. The electrons that do all reactions.

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CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST CHEMISTRY (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/2002) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: CHEMISTRY # of Items % Atomic and Molecular Structure 6 10.0% 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. 1 b. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. 1

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CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST CHEMISTRY (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/2002) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: CHEMISTRY # of Items % Atomic and Molecular Structure 6 10.0% 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. 1 b. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. 1

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CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST CHEMISTRY (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/2002) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: CHEMISTRY # of Items % Atomic and Molecular Structure 6 10.0% 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. 1 b. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. 1

Campbell Biology Chapter 1-4 Outline

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The Chemical Context of Life 8/22/13 6:23 PM Chapter 1: Exploring Life Biology?s Most Exciting Era Biology- the scientific study of life Biologists explore life from the microscopic to the global scale A Hierarchy of Biological Organization The biosphere- consists of all the environments on Earth that are inhabited by life. Ecosystems- consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts. Ex. forest The biosphere is composed of ecosystems Communities- the entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. The set of populations that inhabit a particular area Populations- consists of all the individuals of a species (forms of life) living within the bounds of a specified area

Campbell Biology 9th edition

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Campbell Biology Review Chapter 2 1. All organisms are composed of ____________, which is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. 2. What is the definition of an element? 3. How does a compound differ from an element? 4. What four chemical elements compose about 96% of living matter? 5. What name is given to elements found in small amounts that are necessary to living matter? 6. Which of these elements (type given above) is necessary to man and other vertebrates but not to other living organisms? a. Oxygen b. Iodine c. Phosphorus d. Calcium e. None of the Above 7. What element, known as a toxin to man, has inadvertently been found in Asian drilled wells, exposing many to its dangerous effects?

Campbell Biology 9th edition

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Campbell Biology Review Chapter 2 1. All organisms are composed of ____________, which is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. 2. What is the definition of an element? 3. How does a compound differ from an element? 4. What four chemical elements compose about 96% of living matter? 5. What name is given to elements found in small amounts that are necessary to living matter? 6. Which of these elements (type given above) is necessary to man and other vertebrates but not to other living organisms? a. Oxygen b. Iodine c. Phosphorus d. Calcium e. None of the Above 7. What element, known as a toxin to man, has inadvertently been found in Asian drilled wells, exposing many to its dangerous effects?

AP Chemistry periodic notes

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