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Equilibrium chemistry

sample of AP chemistry choice

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Chemistry
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Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it.Selet the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits statement and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1-4 refer to the following solution. (A) A solution with a pH of 1 (B) A solution with a pH of greater than 1 and less than 7 (C) A solution with a pH of 7 (D) A solution with a pH of greater than 7 and less than 13 (E) A solution with a pH of 13 For CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8?10-5 For NH3, Kb = 1.8?10-5 1. A solution prepared by mixing equal volumes of 0.2-molar HCl and 0.2-molar NH3

Chemical Equilibria checklist

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Chemical Equilibria

South Pasadena ( AP Chemistry [Keep for Reference] 16 ( Chemical Equilibria BLUFFER?S GUIDE ? 1. aA +bB + . . . rR +sS + . . . Kc = and for gases: Kp = 2. K > 1 products favored K < 1 reactants favored 3. Excluded: solids; pure liquids; water (in aqueous solutions) because their [ ]?s do not change. 4. Convert from Kc to Kp Kp = Kc(RT)(n where (n = moles of gaseous product ? moles of gaseous reactant. 5. Typical question: Given Kc and the starting concentrations of reactants, find concentrations of products at equilibrium. Example: Kc for acetic acid = 1.8 x 10-5. What is the equilibrium concentration of [H+] in a 0.100 M solution of the acid? 6. Equilibrium constant for a reverse reaction = the value of the forward reaction.

Chapter 16 Powerpoint

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Acids
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Bases
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Acid-Base Equilibria Priyal Patel 0 period 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids have a sour taste and cause certain dyes to change color Sour taste Linked to H+ ions Bases are bitter and feel slippery Bitter taste Feel slippery Linked to OH- ions When acids and bases are mixed in certain proportions, their characteristics disappear altogether 16.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Danish Chemist Johannes Bronsted and English chemist Thomas Lowry proposed a definition of acids and bases Based on the fact that acid-base reactions involve the transfer of H+ ions from one substance to another. The H+ Ion in Water An H+ is a proton with no surrounding valence electrons This proton bonds interacts with nonbonding electrons of water molecules to form hydrated hydrogen ions.

Campbell Biology Chapter 3 outline

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#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 3 #Outline

CHAPTER 3 ? WATER AND LIFE THE MOLECUES THAT SUPPORT ALL OF LIFE Water is the only natural substance to exist in all 3 states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas WATER molecule is a polar molecule It has a positive and a negative end It can make up to 4 Hydrogen bonds that break and reform instantaneously. 4 Emergent properties of water COHESION The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. Water sticks to itself Adhesion- water sticks to something else Surface Tension ? A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules MODERATION OF TEMPERATURE BY WATER HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Kinetic Energy ?

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