Nature

Atmospheric thermodynamics

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Atmosphere of Earth

Meteorology

Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere A. Pressure Changes Atmospheric Pressure: weight of the air above - at sea level, the avg. pressure ~ 1000 millibars (mb), or ~ 1 kg/cm2 Pressure at higher altitudes is less ? of the atmosphere is below 5.6 km (3.5 mi); at 16 km (10 mi), 90% of the atmosphere has been passed, and > 100 km (62 mi), only 0.00003 % of all gases in the atmosphere remain. Rest of atmosphere merges with space vacuum. B. Temperature Changes Near Earth?s surface, air temperature drops with an increase of height. I. Troposphere (air ?turns over?) Lowermost atmosphere layer (we live in here); temperature decreases with an altitude increase. All important weather occurs here.

Holt Earth Science Chapter 12, Section 12.3

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Physics

Neutron

Atom

Radionuclide

Dating With Radioactivity It is possible to measure numerical values for the age of Earth?s geologic activities - in billions and millions of years - by using radiometric dating. A. Reviewing Basic Atomic Structure An atom has a nucleus with protons (positive) and neutrons (proton+electron combined = neutral) orbited by electrons (negative charge). Atomic Number = number of protons in the nucleus; each element?s Atomic Number differs. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. 99.9% of an atom?s mass is in the nucleus - electrons have hardly any mass. By adding together the number of protons and neutrons, the atomic mass of an atom is obtained. The number of neutrons varies (called isotopes; have different atomic masses).

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 5

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LEVELS OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE Primary Structure?the unique sequence of amino acids, type sequence and number; determines the other three structures It is held together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of another amino acid B. Secondary Structure? regular repeated coiling and folding of the polypeptide caused by H?bonds between atoms in the polypeptide backbone (a hydrogen on a nitrogen and a double?bonded oxygen atom) see Fig. 5.20 p. 76 a. alpha helix? a delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth peptide bond b. Beta pleated sheet? where regions of the chain lie parallel to each other LEVELS OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 2

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Valence

ELEMENT ATOMIC # ATOMIC WEIGHT VALENCE ELECTRONS COVALENT BONDS H hydrogen 1 1 C carbon 6 12 N nitrogen 7 14 O oxygen 8 16 P phosphorus 15 31 S sulfur 16 32 1 4 5 6 5 6 1 4 3 2 3 2 SPONCH Facts CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life ?Devil?s Gardens? Overview: A Chemical Connection to Biology Biology is a multidisciplinary science Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry One example is the use of formic acid by ants to maintain ?devil?s gardens,? stands of Duroia trees Sodium Chlorine sodium chloride- a compound Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

bio molecules

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Monomer

Review ?Sheet ?for ?AP ?Biology ?042 ?? ?Biological ?Molecules ?Contributed ?by ?Winnie ?Litten ?? ?YouTube ?-?? ?/mslittenbiology ?Twitter-??@mslittenbiology ?

Honors Chem Notes - Bohr Models Dot Diagrams - powerpoint pdf

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Valence

I. Valence Electron ?Are the electrons in the HIGHEST energy level. II. The Octet Rule ?Most atoms tend to be more stable when their outer shell contains eight electrons. ?Atoms with fewer than 8 electrons are more reactive. Na VI. The Electron Dot Diagram ?Is a dot representing the number of electrons in the outer shell. What about Chlorine? Cl Na Cl 1 Electron in the outer shell 7 Electrons in the outer shell Let?s think??? What is the pattern? Assignment ?Complete worksheet on Electron Dot Diagrams!! ?This will be due next class!!

Living Environment - Human Impact Review

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Natural environment

Habitat

Human Impact On the Environment 12 Environmental Issues 1. Destruction/loss of natural habitats? 2. Destruction/loss of wild food resources? 3. Destruction/loss of biodiversity 4. Destruction/loss of soil 5. Limitations of energy resources 6. Limitations of available freshwater 7. Limitations of photosynthetic capacity 8. Introduction of toxic chemicals? 9. Introduction of alien/invasive species? 10. Introduction of atmospheric gases 11. Human population growth? 12. Environmental impact per capita 2 Destruction/loss of natural habitats Causes: Deforestation ? removal of forest for use of resources Forest Fires caused by negligence Flooding as a result of global warming Pollution of habitat areas by littering, oil spills, or waste dumping Construction of building, roads, etc. 3

Living Environment - Ecology Review

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Ecology

The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body Unit 1: Ecology Principles of Ecology Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Population Ecology Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment. Biosphere The portion of Earth that supports life. Ecosystem a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it. BIOTIC FACTORS ABIOTIC FACTORS Producers (plants) Atmospheric gases (air) Consumers (Herbivores/Carnivores) Water Decomposers (bacteria/fungi) Sunlight other Single-celled Organisms Rocks and other soil sediment

Living Environment- Human Impact Notes

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Natural environment

Habitat

Human Impact On the Environment 12 Environmental Issues 1. Destruction/loss of natural habitats? 2. Destruction/loss of wild food resources? 3. Destruction/loss of biodiversity 4. Destruction/loss of soil 5. Limitations of energy resources 6. Limitations of available freshwater 7. Limitations of photosynthetic capacity 8. Introduction of toxic chemicals? 9. Introduction of alien/invasive species? 10. Introduction of atmospheric gases 11. Human population growth? 12. Environmental impact per capita 2 Destruction/loss of natural habitats Causes: Deforestation ? removal of forest for use of resources Forest Fires caused by negligence Flooding as a result of global warming Pollution of habitat areas by littering, oil spills, or waste dumping Construction of building, roads, etc. 3

Living Environment- Ecology Notes

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