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Valence electron

Campbell Biology Chapter 2

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? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 2The Chemical Context of Life 1 A Chemical Connection to Biology Biology is the study of life Organisms and their environments are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry One example is the use of formic acid by ants to protect themselves against predators and microbial parasites ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Concept 2.1: Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Honors Chem Notes - Bohr Models Dot Diagrams - powerpoint pdf

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I. Valence Electron ?Are the electrons in the HIGHEST energy level. II. The Octet Rule ?Most atoms tend to be more stable when their outer shell contains eight electrons. ?Atoms with fewer than 8 electrons are more reactive. Na VI. The Electron Dot Diagram ?Is a dot representing the number of electrons in the outer shell. What about Chlorine? Cl Na Cl 1 Electron in the outer shell 7 Electrons in the outer shell Let?s think??? What is the pattern? Assignment ?Complete worksheet on Electron Dot Diagrams!! ?This will be due next class!!

Chapter 4 Notes

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BIOL 1020 ? CHAPTER 4 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 4: Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Organic Compounds Organic compounds: any compound of carbon and another element or radical Inorganic: any compound that does not contain carbon. Carbon skeletons: the skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure Wide diversity in organic compounds Carbon has diverse bonding patterns. Carbon atomic structure How many valence electrons in a carbon atom? 4 How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom maximum form? 4 Bonding patterns Valence = 4 electrons Different molecular shape: chains, branches, ring, etc. Length difference. Hydrocarbons ? organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen e.g. propane

Biology

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AP BIOLOGY VOCABULARY BioChemistry anion atomic mass atomic number cation chemical equilibrium covalent bond electronegativity hydrogen bond ionic bond isotope mass number orbital trace element valence valence electron van der Waals interaction acid adhesion aqueous solution base buffer cohesion heat heat of vaporization hydration shell hydrophilic hydrophobic molarity mole molecular mass pH solution specific heat surface tension temperature alcohol amino group carbonyl group carboxyl group enantiomer functional group hydroxyl group isomer organic chemistry phosphate group sulfhydryl group helix pleated sheet amino acid antiparallel carbohydrate cellulose chaperonin chitin cholesterol condensation reaction conformation denaturation deoxyribose fatty acid gene glycogen hydrolysis

Biology Chemical Bonds PPT

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Biol 210 General Biology 1 Lecture 2 Review Chemical Bonds Atomic Structure Nucleus Protons, mass = 1, charge = +1 Neutrons, mass = 1, charge = 0 Electrons Mass = negligible Charge = -1 # e? = # protons Outer shell (most energenic) e??s form chemical bonds Isotopes Some isotopes are stable, such as 1H2 Other isotopes are unstable, such as 1H3. When tritium decays, it gives off ? particle. Because the mass of an element includes the average isotope abundance, the mass and the atomic weight differ slightly Helium, He, atomic number 4, mass 4.003 Important Elements C HOPKINS CaFe Mg C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen P = phosphorous K = potassium I = iodine N = nitrogen S = sulfur Ca = calcium Fe = iron Mg = magnesium Na = sodium Cl = chloride

Chapter 2

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AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. Whether your teacher goes over this chapter, or assigns it for you do review on your own, the questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. Define and give an example of the following terms: matter element compound 2. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter?

What is a molecule?

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Molecule Main article: Molecule A molecule is the smallest indivisible portion of a pure chemical substance that has its unique set of chemical properties, that is, its potential to undergo a certain set of chemical reactions with other substances. Molecules can exist as electrically neutral units unlike ions. Molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral and all valence electrons are paired with other electrons either in bonds or in lone pairs.

General Knowledge of the Elements

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Ten Most Abundant Elements in the Earth’s Crust 1. Oxygen 2. Silicon 3. Aluminum 4. Iron 5. Calcium 6. Sodium 7. Potassium 8. Magnesium 9. Titanium 10. Hydrogen General Element Knowledge 1. Good Conductor of Electricty — Copper 2. Diatomic elements — Halogens 3. Reactions based on ns2 valence shell — Alkaline earth metals 4. Most important commercial metal (after iron) — Aluminum 5. Used in wires — Copper 6. Soft, silvery metals — Alkali metals 7. Found as corundum (rubies, sapphires) — Aluminum 8. Allotrope — Aluminum 9. Cathode in Batteries — Lead 10. ? + Copper = Bronze — Tin 11. Fertilizer — Potassium 12. Ceramic found on spark plugs — Aluminum 13. Water treatment/antacids — Calcium 14. Detergents and bleach — Sodium 15. Carrying oxygen in blood — Iron
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