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Isotopes

Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy Notes

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Radioactive Decay Activation Energy (Ea): The threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction Electromagnetic Radiation: Radiant energy that exhibits wavelike behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum Radioisotope: a radioactive isotope Many nuclei are radioactive Radioactive: Refers to a nucleus that spontaneously decomposes to form a different nucleus Over 85% of all known nuclides are radioactive Nuclear Equation: an equation representing radioactive decay Types of Radioactive (Nuclear) Decay (The spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus): Alpha Decay Alpha () particle shoots out from nucleus equivalent to helium-4 Beta Decay Beta () particle shoots out from nucleus equivalent to an electron Gamma Decay

Holt Earth Science Chapter 12, Section 12.3

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Dating With Radioactivity It is possible to measure numerical values for the age of Earth?s geologic activities - in billions and millions of years - by using radiometric dating. A. Reviewing Basic Atomic Structure An atom has a nucleus with protons (positive) and neutrons (proton+electron combined = neutral) orbited by electrons (negative charge). Atomic Number = number of protons in the nucleus; each element?s Atomic Number differs. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. 99.9% of an atom?s mass is in the nucleus - electrons have hardly any mass. By adding together the number of protons and neutrons, the atomic mass of an atom is obtained. The number of neutrons varies (called isotopes; have different atomic masses).

Radioactive Decay

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Define the following terms: Stable- Not likely to change or fail; firmly established Unstable- Prone to change, fail, or give way; not stable Radioactive Decay- The process in which a radioactive nucleus emits (gives off) radiation and changes to a different isotope or element. A number of different particles can be emitted by decay. The most typical are alpha, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radio Isotope- The process in which a radioactive nucleus emits (gives off) radiation and changes to a different isotope or element. A number of different particles can be emitted by decay. The most typical are alpha, beta particles, and gamma rays. Daughter Element- an element that results from the radioactive decay of another element.
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