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AP Biology Campbell/Reece 8e Chapter 3 Notes

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Chemistry
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Inorganic solvents
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AP Biology
Chapter 3 – Water and the Fitness of the Environment 3.1 – The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding • Polar molecule – two ends of the molecule have opposite charges • Oxygen: δ- • Hydrogen: δ+ • Positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to negative oxygen of another in a hydrogen bond 3.2 – Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s fitness for life • Four properties: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent • Cohesion – the bonding of similar molecules through hydrogen bonds • Adhesion – the clinging of one substance to another • Surface tension – a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid • Kinetic energy – energy of motion

AP Chemistry

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Chemistry
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Mass
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chapter 1-3
Chapter1 • Precision vs accuracy • Sig figs • Metrics • Classification of matter o Pure substances o Compounds, elements, mixtures o Examples o Homogeneous vs heterogeneous mixtures o Separation of mixtures • Dimensional analysis (show correct set-up, units, cancellations) • History of atomic theory o Dalton model o JJ Thomson o Plum pudding model o Rutherford’s experiment and model o Millikan’s experiment • Atomic structure o Atomic number o Mass number o Isotope designations o Ions • NOMENCLATURE • Atomic mass o Define  Calculate atomic mass, given isotope abundances  Disc why samples of elements with same mass rations as atomic mass mean equal number of atoms (Avogadro’s Hypothesis) • Mole o Define

Chemistry Review

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Everything covered in high school chemistry

Produced: Mastah E Chemistry Review Sheet 1 ? Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. ? A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. This means it is always made of the same stuff no matter where the chemical comes form. Chemicals can exist naturally or be made. ? A chemical reaction is the process of which one or more substances are changed to produce one or more different substances. ? The recant is a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction. When written in an equation, the reactants are on the left hand side ? Products are the substances produced from chemical reactions and are on the right hand side of the arrow in equations.

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