Citric acid cycle

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Beta oxidation

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Biology Chapter 9

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Chemiosmosis

Pyruvate decarboxylation

Mitochondrial matrix

Carbohydrate catabolism

? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 9Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 1 Life Is Work an Introduction Living cells require energy to do work: assembling polymers, membrane transport, etc. Animals can obtain energy by feeding on other animals or photosynthetic organisms Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat The chemical elements essential to life are recycled Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to generate ATP, which powers work ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria CO2 + H2O + O2 Organic

AP biology test bank chp 9

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Beta oxidation

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

respiration respiration

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Crista

Adenosine diphosphate

1 B io F actsheet January 1998 Number 12 Respiration Aerobic respiration can be divided into four stages: 1. Glycolysis (G) 2. The Link reaction (LR) 3. Kreb?s cycle (K) 4. The electron transfer chain (ETC) These take place in different parts of the cell (Table 1) and the detailed biochemistry of these reactions is shown overleaf. Respiratory quotients The respiratory quotient (RQ) is defined as the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed per unit time by an organism: volume of CO2 produced volume of O2 consumed Different substances give different RQ values Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy contained in organic molecules is made available for all of the active

Ap bio cell respiration3 ppt

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Acetyl-CoA

Mitochondrion

Mitochondrial matrix

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Overview 10 reactions convert glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvate (3C) produces: 4 ATP & 2 NADH consumes: 2 ATP net: 2 ATP & 2 NADH glucose C-C-C-C-C-C fructose-1,6bP P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P pyruvate C-C-C ATP 2 ADP 2 ATP 4 ADP 4 NAD+ 2 2 2Pi 2Pi 2H Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip off (to oxidize) if O2 is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 pyruvate ? ? ? ? ? ? CO2 2x 6C 3C glucose ? ? ? ? ? pyruvate 3C 1C Cellular respiration Mitochondria ??Structure Double membrane energy harvesting organelle smooth outer membrane highly folded inner membrane cristae

Ap bio cell respiration1 ppt

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Cellular respiration

Biochemistry

Redox

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Bioenergetics

Glycolysis

Cofactor

Metabolism

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP What?s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Heterotrophs eat these organic molecules ? food digest organic molecules to get? raw materials for synthesis fuels for energy controlled release of energy ?burning? fuels in a series of step-by-step enzyme-controlled reactions Harvesting stored energy Glucose is the model catabolism of glucose to produce ATP C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6H2O 6CO2 ? + + + CO2 + H2O + heat fuel (carbohydrates) COMBUSTION = making a lot of heat energy by burning fuels in one step RESPIRATION = making ATP (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat) ATP glucose

Ch 7 Study Guide

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Chemiosmosis

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Carbohydrate catabolism

AP Biology Name ____Ryan Hanssens_______ Chapter 9 Guided Reading Assignment ?Hint: review the concept check questions ? these are great quick quiz questions!? Define the two catabolic pathways: Fermentation ? a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen? Cellular respiration ? when oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel; most efficient catabolic pathway; mitochondria house most of the metabolic equipment needed ??

ATP Production

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Electrochemical gradient

Metabolism

ATP synthase

Mitochondria and Oxidative Phosphorylation Controlled oxidation of sugars Breaks down sugar in a number of small stepwise events = more efficient NADH and FADH2 carry energy in the form of high energy electrons Produce these molecules as a way to transport high energy electrons (Energy is stored as redox potential) These electrons will be transferred to the electron transport chain Glycolysis occurs in a stepwise process NADH is an energy carrier (energy will be harvested later) Some ATP is produced directly Most of the energy is still stored in pyruvate molecules Citric acid/tricarboxylic acid/Krebs cycle Oxidize pyruvate Yield for every 2 molecules of acetyl CoA: 2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + 6 NADH + 4 CO2

Cellular Respiration Notes

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Glucose

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Environment

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Substrate-level phosphorylation

cellular respiration

biochemistry

Chemistry

Chemiosmosis

Glycolysis

Crista

mitochondrion

Technology

Cellular Respiration Wednesday, March 06, 2013 5:23 PM ? Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration - an ATP-generating process that occurs within cells; energy is extracted from energy-rich glucose to form ATP from ADP and phosphate C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Glucose + air = carbon dioxide + water + energy Aerobic respiration - cellular respiration in the presence of O2; divided into three components: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation ? Glycolysis Glycolysis - the decomposition (lysis) of glucose (glyco) to pyruvate (or pyruvic acid); nine intermediate products are formed and, of course, each one is catalyzed by an enzyme; in six of the steps, magnesium ions are cofactors that promote enzyme activity; summary of the steps:

cellular respiration

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Chemistry

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Pyruvic acid

Fermentation