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Biology

Cell Cycle

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Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Interphase
mitosis
Meiosis
Kinetochore
Cytokinesis
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
cell
Chromosome
health

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Biology
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DNA Replication
Molecular genetics
Genetics
Okazaki fragments
DNA polymerase
DNA
Replication fork
Primer
Dam
Polymerase
Nucleotide excision repair

Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Overview: Life?s Operating Instructions Watson and Crick introduced the double-helical model for the structure of DNA DNA is the substance of inheritance encoded in chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of your body it is DNA that directs the development of many different types of traits Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry the role of DNA in heredity was first worked out by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them Evidence That DNA Can Transform Bacteria Griffith worked with a pathogenic and nonpathogenic strain

From Gene to Protein

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Biology
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Genetics
RNA
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
Messenger RNA
Translation
Ribosome
Genetic code
Gene
Transcription
health

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein Concepts 17.5 ? 6 are not required knowledge from the AP Exam and are intentionally omitted. Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information the information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands the DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, gene expression, includes two stages: transcription and translation the ribosome is part of the cellular machinery for translation, polypeptide synthesis Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Evidence from the Metabolic Defects

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

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Biology
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Biology
microbiology
Virology
Bacteriophages
Molecular biology
Bacteriology
Transduction
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Virus
Prophage
Plasmid
health

Chapter 18: Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Concept 18.2 is not required knowledge for the AP Exam and has been intentionally omitted. Overview: Microbial Model Systems viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria E. coli and its viruses are called model systems because of their frequent use by researches in studies that reveal broad biological principles beyond their value as model systems, viruses and bacteria have unique genetic mechanisms that are interesting in their own right bacteria are prokaryotes with cells much smaller and more simply organized than those of eukaryotes viruses are smaller and simpler still Concept 18.1: A virus has a genome but can reproduce only within a host cell

animal diversity part2

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Biology
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Zoology
Biology
fish
Animal anatomy
Ichthyology
Echinoderms
Phyla
Developmental biology
Starfish
Anatomical terms of location
Chordate
Madreporite

1 Acknowledgement: Nearly all materials in these three Animal Diversity labs are adapted from Seattle Community College Bio 212 online lab material. Animal Diversity Three IX Phylum Echinodermata The approximately 7,000 species of echinoderms are spiny skinned, slow moving or sessile marine animals that are voracious feeders. Adults have an unusual symmetry not found in any other animal. They have a pentamerous radial symmetry, meaning that the body is arranged into five (or multiples of five) repeating units radiating from a central area. However, their larval stages have bilateral symmetry which changes to pentamerous during development. Embryological development follows the typical deuterostome pattern.

algaefungi

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Biology
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Biology
reproduction
Green algae
Tree of life
Germ cells
microbiology
Ascomycota
Multicellular organism
Volvox
Algae
Asexual reproduction
Isogamy

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #5 ? Page 1 Lab #5: Green Algae, Fungi, and Lichens I. More Protista a. Continuing from last week, this will lab will explore the Domain of Eukarya. Remember that the group of organisms commonly called ?protists? is not an actual taxon ? it?s a collection of many phyla. b. Some of the protists that we will examine today are the green algae. These single-celled organisms have a common ancestor with plants, and present-day algae share many features with the ancestor of plants. All green algae are technically unicellular organisms, but some form colonies with an impressive degree of organization.

microbio slide

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Biology
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Biology
microbiology
Green algae
bacteria
Eukaryotes
Cell Biology
Tree of life
Protist
Unikont
Cyanobacteria
Algae
Plasmodium
health

ESTIMATING SIZE OF OBJECTS AND MAKING A WET MOUNT Oscillatoria, 10X Oscillatoria, 20X Oscillatoria, 40X Nucleus A cyanobacterium; prokaryote; photosynthetic; contains chlorophyll and a blue pigment, phycocyanin; long unbranched filaments of cells; no flagella, but can move by means of a sliding motion. Wet Mount. Human cheek cell smear, stained with methylene blue. BACTERIA Cyanobacteria, Nostoc, 40X Cyanobacteria, Gloecapsa, 40X

microbio

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Biology
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Biology
Optics
Microscopy
Laboratory equipment
Lenses
microbiology
Laboratory glassware
Optical microscope
bacteria
Microscope
Magnification
Objective

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #4 ? Page 1 Lab #4: Use of the Microscope; Bacteria and Protists I. The Domains of Life A. There are three major branches, or Domains, on the tree of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. B. It turns out that most of the living things on earth, comprising most of the biomass, are microscopic single-celled species! Today we will look at unicellular examples of two different domains: Bacteria and Eukarya. C. Protists are eukaryotes and most (but not all) are single-celled. However, some of the single-celled protest species can exist in colonies that resemble a multicellular organism, but this is not true

algeafungi

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
reproduction
Green algae
Tree of life
Germ cells
microbiology
Ascomycota
Multicellular organism
Volvox
Algae
Asexual reproduction
Isogamy

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #5 ? Page 1 Lab #5: Green Algae, Fungi, and Lichens I. More Protista a. Continuing from last week, this will lab will explore the Domain of Eukarya. Remember that the group of organisms commonly called ?protists? is not an actual taxon ? it?s a collection of many phyla. b. Some of the protists that we will examine today are the green algae. These single-celled organisms have a common ancestor with plants, and present-day algae share many features with the ancestor of plants. All green algae are technically unicellular organisms, but some form colonies with an impressive degree of organization.

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