Cytokinesis

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Aster

AP Bio Mitosis/Meiosis Key Terms Genome Chromosome Somatic Cell Gamete Chromatin Sister Chromatid Centromere Mitosis Cytokinesis Meiosis Meiosis 1, 2 Mitotic Phase (M) Interphase G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Mitotic Spindle Centrosome Aster Kinetochore Metaphase Plate Cleavage Cleavage Furrow Cell plate Binary Fission Cell cycle control system Checkpoint G0 Phase Cyclin Cyclin dependent kinases MPF Growth Factors Density - dependent inhibition Anchorage dependence Transformation Benign tumor Malignant tumor Metastasis
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AP Bio Lab 7

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Interphase

Maturation promoting factor

AP LAB 7: CELL DIVISION: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS How do eukaryotic cells divide to produce genetically identical cells or to produce gametes with half the normal DNA? BACKGROUND One of the characteristics of living things is the ability to replicate and pass on genetic information to the next generation. Cell division in individual bacteria and archaea usually occurs by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate by binary fission, which is evidence of the evolutionary relationship between these organelles and prokaryotes. Cell division in eukaryotes is more complex. It requires the cell to manage a complicated process of duplicating the nucleus, other organelles, and multiple chromosomes. This process, called the cell cycle, is divided

Cell Cycle

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Cell Biology

Interphase

cell

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

AP Biology Chapter 12 Reading Guide

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Cell Biology

Kinetochore

Spindle apparatus

Cytokinesis

Interphase

Aster

G2 phase

AP Biology Name _________________________ Chapter 12 Guided Reading Compare and contrast the role of cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms. ??? Define the following terms: Genome? Chromosomes? Somatic cells? Gametes? Chromatin? Sister chromatids? Centromere? Mitosis? Cytokinesis? Meiosis? List the activities of the cell cycle: Mitotic phase? Interphase? G1 phase? G2 phase? S phase? Define the following terms: Mitotic spindle? Centrosome? Microtubule organizing center? Aster? Kinetochore? Label below:?? Label the diagram below (phases, structures, etc):?????????????? Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.??? Define binary fission and label the diagram below:?????? Discuss the hypothetical evolution of mitosis.?????

Cell Cycle

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Cell Growth and Reproduction Cell Reproduction All cells come from preexisting cells. Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the parent cell. New cells are constantly being produced. Scientists noticed certain structures that appeared just before cell division and disappeared after. Chromosomes: structures which contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained For most of a cell?s life, chromosomes exist as chromatin Chromatin: long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones Histones are grouped in bunches called nucleosomes The Cell Cycle Cell cycle: the sequence of growth and division of a cell Two general periods of the cycle: growth and division The majority of a cell?s life is spent in the growth period known as interphase

Chapter 9-Cellular Reproduction

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Cell Biology

Cellular processes

Developmental biology

cell

Chapter 9: Cellular Reproduction CELLULAR GROWTH -As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. -The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products. TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES -Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins. -Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient. -Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems. CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS -The need for signling proteins to move throughout the cell also limits cell size. -Cell size affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions. THE CELL CYCLE -Cell division prevents the cell from becoming too large -It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries

chapter 12 test biology

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Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle: Practice Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Self-Quiz Questions ____ 1. Increases in the enzymatic activity of some protein kinases important for the regulation of the cell cycle are due to a. kinase synthesis by ribosomes. b. activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclins. c. conversion of inactive cyclins to active kinases by means of phosphorylation. d. cleavage of the inactive kinase molecules by cytoplasmic proteases. e. a decline in external growth factors to a concentration below the inhibitory threshold.

chapter 12 test biology

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