Digestive system

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1 S 2 I N G E 3 S T I O N 4 A B S O R P T 5 I O N P 6 A L N H 7 S T O M A C H I 8 M O U T H I Y V R N L 9 B A 10 G A S T R O V A S C U L A 11 R C A V I T Y C T E S L 12 C 13 D I G E S T I O N E C E E 14 E H L R T 15 L L Y 16 N 17 C A L O R I E 18 C U 19 V I L L I M U 20 P U H M P M 21 E X T R A C

animal diversity

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Zoology

Digestive system

Developmental biology

Animal anatomy

Gastrovascular cavity

sponge

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Ap Biology Ch41 study guide

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AP Biology Guided Reading Chapter 41 1. Contrast the terms undernourished, overnourished and malnourished? Undernourished is when an animal does not have enough nutrients and therefore does not have enough energy, while overnourished is when the animal have too much nutrients, which will be stored as fat. Malnourished is when an animal does not have enough of one or more essential nutrients. A person can be overnourished, but still be malnourished if they are lacking one or more essential nutrients. ? 2. What are essential amino acids and essential fatty acids? Essential amino acids and fatty acids are ones that the organism cannot make and therefore must obtain in their diet. ? 3. Contrast vitamins and minerals.

Excretion questions and answers

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Protein

Excretory System Read Kraus pages 248 to 250. List the many different?functions of the skin: There are four different functions for the skin. The skin acts as a protective organ, meaning that the skin provides defense from mechanical injury and bacterial infections. How does the liver assist with excretion of nitrogenous?waste? The liver assists with the excretion of nitrogen waste. When humans eat food containing a surplus in protein, an excess of amino acid forms. Amino acid contains nitrogen. If the protein is not used to repair the body or help it grow, it is changed in the liver into nitrogenous waste and is secreted. This is why doctors warn about the excess consumption of foods like meat, fish, and eggs.

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Carbohydrate digestion

Gastric acid

Bile

Saliva

TheHumanDigestiveSystem Oral Cavity Chewing Saliva moistens food Saliva contains enzymes Esophagus Moves food to the stomach by peristalsis Stomach Sphincters control movement of food into and out of the stomach Stomach glands release gastric juices water, enzymes, mucus, acid Most food moves on to the small intestine within 4 hours Small Intestine Liver and pancreas secrete enzymes into the small intestine Digestion is completed Nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls Colon(Large Intestine) Bacteria produce some vitamins Vitamins absorbed into bloodstream Water is reabsorbed Feces move on to the rectum Carbohydrate Digestion Mouth Salivary amylase breaks starch into sugar Stomach pH is too low for amylase to work Small Intestine

Biology Campbell Test Bank With Answers Chpt. 41

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition Chapter 41 relates the energetic and nutritional needs of animals with the evolutionary adaptations that optimize nutrient ingestion, digestion, absorption, and distribution of nutrients. The locations and specializations of organs and tissues along the gastrointestinal tract are detailed, as are the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate functions. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is A) fat in adipose tissue. B) glucose in the blood. C) protein in muscle cells. D) glycogen in muscle cells. E) calcium phosphate in bone. Answer: A Topic: Concept 41.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Animal Nutrition

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nutrition

Secretin

Campbell Biology 9th edition

Chapter Forty-One: Animal Nutrition Preface Nutrition: Food being taken in , taken apart, and taken up (Example: Bear chews skin muscles and other part of fish, breaking it down with acid and enzymes in digestive system and finally absorbing it into small molecules in its body) Animals eat other organisms (dead or alive) for energy and also the organic molecules used to assemble new molecules, cells and tissues. There are different types of animal diets; Herbivores: Animals that dine on mainly plants and algae (cattle, sea slugs, termites) Carnivores: Animals that dine on other animals (sharks, hawks,spiders) Omnivores: Animals which consume both plants and animals regularly (humans, crows, and cockroaches)

Digestive System

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Small intestine

Bile

Gastro-

Pancreas

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Transfers nutrients, salts, H2O and vitamins in food from external to internal environment Anatomy: Digestive tract (gastrointestinal (GI) tract) Mouth -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine -> Large intestine -> Anus DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Digestive System: Mouth: - teeth = mastication (incisors, canines, molars) -3 pairs salivary glands secrete saliva: 1) moistens and lubricates food 2) amylase DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Digestive System Organs Pharynx and Esophagus - transport food and water to stomach - swallowing reflex: epiglottis As food approaches stomach, sphincter relaxes so food can go into stomach Sphincter closes -> Prevents acid reflux DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Digestive System

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Digestive system

human anatomy

Organs

Abdomen

Digestion

Esophagus

Digestive enzyme

Biological system

Alexandra Odinlo IB Chemistry 1 August 26, 2013 Science and Human Nutrition Human Digestion Digestion?is the process of breaking down the foods that we eat into forms of energy that the body can use as energy. The Digestive process is one that involves the body?s biological mechanical works as well as chemical means to breakdown nutrients from different types of foods. Mechanical digestion?begins the digestion process. In your mouth as your teeth begin to mash food into smaller pieces to allow you to swallow them. Soon after saliva in your mouth bring about the chemical changes to your food. Chemical and mechanical parts of digestion work hand in hand toward the goal of providing nourishment for your body.

Digestive System

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Digestive system

human anatomy

Organs

Abdomen

Digestion

Esophagus

Digestive enzyme

Small intestine