Design of experiments

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sports

Grip

Tire

The Effect of Ice Water On the Dominant Hand Grip Strengths of Males 16-18 Years of Age Introduction This experiment is aimed at investigating the effects of exposure to cold water on the force of one?s grip. For one to grip at their highest possible strength, the perfect conditions need to be in order. When this order is disrupted, and one?s hand temperature is critically lower than normal, the hand cannot perform its duty as intended. That is the basis behind this experiment, but why is this hap- pening to the body? What causes the hand to behave in such a manner? The cold effects the blood flow through vasoconstriction, which is the contacting of the veins and arteries, making it harder for blood

Animal Behavior Lab

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Statistical inference

Animal Behavior Write-up 11/20/2013 INTRODUCTION

Variables Practice

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Dependent and independent variables

Mathematics

scientific method

AP

Independent and Dependent Variables An independent variable is a factor that is manipulated in an experiment.? The experimenter controls whether or not subjects are exposed to the independent variable.?? The dependent variable is measured to determine if the manipulation of the independent variable had any effect.? For example,?? to test a hypothesis that eating carrots improves vision, the experimenter would manipulate whether or not subjects ate carrots.? Thus, eating carrots is the independent variable.? Each subject?s vision would be tested to see if carrot eating had any effect.? Thus, vision is the dependent variable.? The subjects assigned to eat carrots are in the experimental group, whereas subjects not eating carrots are in the control group. ?

Banana Lab

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Statistical inference

Banana

?? Q 2 ? Stain the inner central pith sample in the same way. Draw a few of the cells that characterize what you see from each slide. Give a heading to each in the space below and label as many of the cell structures/organelles as you can find - can you see a nucleus? What might this indicate about the cell and gene expression, mRNA creation? Inner (green, stained) Outer (green, stained) ? 4) Complete steps 1-3 for the ripe and overripe banana samples. Draw your diagrams for each STAINED sample in the spaces below, BUT only do counts for ?outer cells.? ? Ripe Banana - With iodine stain INNER OUTER ? Overripe Banana - With iodine stain. INNER OUTER DATA TABLE - TASTE TEST

psyc notes chapter 2

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Psychology is empirical. Psychologists are committed to addressing questions about behavior through formal, systematic observation The scientific approach assumes that events are governed by some lawful order Psychologists and other scientists share three sets of interrelated goals: Measurement and description Understanding and prediction A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. Variables are any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study Application and control A theory is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations. Allows to leap from description of behavior to understanding Must be testable Gradual construction

David G. Meyers Psychology 8th Edition Chapter 1 outline

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Information

Covariance and correlation

scientific method

Correlation does not imply causation

health

The Need for Psychological Science Hindsight bias and judgmental overconfidence show that we cannot rely on intuition and common sense. Hindsight Bias: The thought that once a person finds out the outcome, that the person knew the outcome all along and could have predicted it. Overconfidence: Thinking is limited not only because of our after-the-fact common sense but by over confidence When you are 100% sure about something, self prediction may change up to 15% of the time When someone predicts wrong, they seem to use the ? I was close? excuse Skepticism and humility must be added to help us tell the difference between life and reality The Scientific Attitude You need to be Skeptical but not cynical Need to be able to have humility and be able to reject ones owns ideas

SC4730

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Environmental Science

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Statistical hypothesis testing

Hypothesis testing

Statistical inference

H0

Research

Research the meaning of null hypothesis. Describe how and why it is used in experimental design. Properly cite your reference. In statistical inference of observed data of a scientific experiment, the null hypothesis refers to a general or default position: that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena,[1] or that a potential medical treatment has no effect.[2] Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis ? and thus concluding that there are grounds for believing that there is a relationship between two phenomena or that a potential treatment has a measurable effect ? is a central task in the modern practice of science, and gives a precise sense in which a claim is capable of being proven false.

AP Psychology - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Outline

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Philosophy of science

Evaluation methods

Covariance and correlation

Research Methods: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science The Need for Psychological Science Much of contemporary psychological science documents a vast intuitive mind. Intuition is important, but we often underestimate its perils. Two phenomena?hindsight bias and judgmental overconfidence?illustrate why we cannot rely solely on intuition and common sense. Did We Know It All Along? Hindsight Bias The term ?hindsight bias? refers to the tendency to believe, after learning and outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.) Errors in out recollections and explanations show why we need psychological research. Common sense more easily describes what has happened than what will happen.

Psychology Notes CH.1

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Ethology

Covariance and correlation

Evaluation methods

Psychology Textbook Notes- Ch. 1 The Need for Psychological Science: The Limits of Intuition and Common Sense Hindsight Bias-THE TENDENCY TO BELIEVE AFTER LEARNING A N OUTCOME that foreseen ?I knew it all along phenomenon). Unanticipated scientific results indeed ?seem? like obvious common sense or justify it to that! Common sense describes what has happened more easily than it predicts what will happen. Intuition can be wrong & common sense! Overconfidence: Thinking limited by ?after-the-fact? common sense hindsight bias. We could of done that DUH attitude example anagram scrambling after seeing the solution. 98% college students confident they won?t drop out ? yet half do OVERCONFIDENT! More confident than correct!

Research Methods in Psychology: Evaluating a World of Information Chapter 3

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Validity

Philosophy of science

Psychometrics