Psychology

Intelligence there is no good standard definition for intelligence expressed in different domains ex. absent-minded professor functional directed at solving problems shaped by culture Sternberg?s definition of parts of intelligence: contextual (intelligence is defined by culture) experiential (how well you deal with novelty) componential (how well you perform) Intelligence Testing psychological test: standardized measure of a sample of a person?s behaviour intelligence test: measures general mental ability (ex. IQ test) aptitude test: measures specific types of mental abilities verbal reasoning, numerical ability, abstract reasoning, perceptual speed and accuracy, mechanical reasoning, space relationships, spelling, language usage (ex. MCAT, LSAT)

Personality personality: an enduring pattern of thought, feeling, motivation, and behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances Psychodynamic Theories derived from Freud?s work focus is on unconscious mental forces Sigmund Freud?s Psychoanalytic Theory stated that all human behaviour is motivated by: sexual (libido - sex, sensuality) aggression (will to power, dominance) pros: emphasis on unconscious processes identification of defense mechanisms importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult personality cons: not solidly based on scientific observation (poor testability, lack of empirical evidence, etc.) excessive emphasis on sex and aggression The Psyche Id: instinctual drive present at birth bodily needs, wants, desires, impulses, sexual drive, aggressive drive