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Kinetic theory

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 5 Notes

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Chemistry
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Gas laws
Gases
thermodynamics
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Ideal gas
Avogadro's law
Boyle's law
Partial pressure
Kinetic theory
Temperature

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 5 - Gases 5.1 Pressure A. Properties of gases 1. Gases uniformly fill any container 2. Gases are easily compressed 3. Gases mix completely with any other gas 4. Gases exert pressure on their surroundings a. Pressure = force/area B. Measuring barometric pressure 1. The barometer a. Inventor - Evangelista Torricelli (1643) 2. Units a. mm Hg (torr) (1) 760 torr = Standard pressure b. newtons/meter2 = pascal (Pa) (1) 101,325 Pa = Standard pressure c. atmospheres (1) 1 atmosphere = Standard pressure 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro A. Boyle's Law (Robert Boyle, 1627 - 1691) 1. the product of pressure times volume is a constant, provided the temperature remains the same kPV = a. P is inversely related to V

Chapter 11

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Gas
Kinetic theory
ideal gas law
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Temperature
Van der Waals equation
Environment
behavior
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Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
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Kinetic Theory Of Gases Postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases: A gas consists of a large number of tiny particles that are in constant, random motion The gas particles occupy a net volume so small in relation to the volume of their container that their contribution to the total volume can be ignored The collisions between particles and the walls of the container are perfectly elastic (no energy transfer) Kinetic Theory of Gases relates temperature to average kinetic energy Kinetic Theory of Gases (aka Kinetic Molecular Theory) can be used to explain the Gas Laws: Pressure-Volume Relationship (Boyle?s Law) P? 1/V or V ? 1/P (at constant n, T) Pressure-Temperature Relationship (Guy-Lussac?s Law) ?T, ?v ?v, ?P Volume-Temperature Relationship (Charles?s Law)

Chapter 11

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 06 Dec. 2012 Brady, Jespersen, & Hyslop Chapter 11 Properties of Gases Properties of Gases Compressible Low Density Exert Pressure (temperature dependence) Expand Mixable Some common properties of gases: While bulk properties, these intimate a molecular level foundation. Properties of Gases Recall that our understanding of kinetic energy in molecular systems relies on a molecular-level picture of gases. Kinetic Theory of Gases (CH 7) Example: Pressure Units of Pressure Standard atmosphere (atm): the pressure needed to support a column of mercury 760 mm high measures at 0 ?C The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa): Pressure Measurements Open-ended Mercury Manometer:

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 10a

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Properties of Gases Kinetic Theory of Gases Many independent particles Random motion at high speed Separated by great distances Kinetic Theory of Gases Interact only when they collide 5. Elastic collisions Physical Properties of Gases Diffusion Effusion Permeability Compressibility Expansibility Diffusion spontaneous mixing due to particle motion Effusion gas particles passing through a tiny opening into an evacuated area Both diffusion and effusion are directly related to the speed of the gas molecules. rate of effusion for gas 1 Graham?s Law of Effusion rate of effusion for gas 2 = molar mass2 molar mass1 molar massN = 28.02 g/mol Sample Problem 1 Calculate the ratio of effusion rates between nitrogen (N2) and Argon (Ar). molar massAr = 39.95 g/mol rate of effusion for gas 1

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 2c

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Section 2C States of Matter Kinetic-Molecular Theory All particles are in motion. Add energy = increase motion. Motion tries to tear apart matter. Attractive forces hold matter together. Attractive ? electrical, between particles Disruptive ? caused by kinetic energy (motion) Balance between these forces determines state. Kinetic-Molecular Theory Two Forces Solid Low energy Touching Locked in place Only vibrate (The inter-molecular forces are higher in energy than the kinetic energy.) 4 p. 41 of Chem. textbook Liquid More kinetic energy Still touching Not locked in place Can roll around (The intermolecular forces are almost equal to the kinetic energy.) 5 p. 41 of Chem. textbook Atoms are touching. Attractions are greater than repulsions. Atoms roll around. Atoms are small.

States of Matter

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Chem 110 Chapter 5 Test Review States of Matter: Gases, Liquids and Solids Changes in State Changes in state are considered physical changes. Other physical properties may also change during a change in state. 4 States of Matter are: Gases, Liquids, Solids Comparison of Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Property Gas Liquid Solid Volume and Shape Expands to fill the volume of its container and takes the shape of its container. Has a fixed volume at a given mass and temperature. Volume depends on its mass and temperature. It assumes the shape of its container. Has a fixed volume which is dependent on its mass and temperature. It has a definite shape. Density Compressibility Particle Motion Low High Virtually free High Very low
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