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Pressure

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 5

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Chemistry
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Gases
Physical chemistry
Gas laws
Atmospheric thermodynamics
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Partial pressure
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Pressure
Stoichiometry
Atmospheric pressure
Volume
Ideal gas

Chapter 5: Gases Section 5.2: Pressure Sunday, October 19, 2014 12:43 PM Pressure = Force / Area ? **note: atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of air molecules as they are attracted by gravity (hence why pressure decreases as altitude decreases) ? Measuring Pressure ? Barometer - device that measures atmospheric pressure Long tube filled with mercury, essentially you pour the mercury out of the tube until it stops because the mercury creates a seal and a vacuum in the closed end of the tube -pressure decreases cause the mercury seal to fall lower -pressure increases cause the mercury seal to fall higher ? Units of Pressure ? Pascal - (Pa) unit for pressure, equal to one Newton / meter squared --> Force / area

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 10a

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Chemistry
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Physics
thermodynamics
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Gases
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Atmospheric thermodynamics
Underwater diving
Effusion
Kinetic theory
Pressure
Vacuum
Molar mass
Environment

Properties of Gases Kinetic Theory of Gases Many independent particles Random motion at high speed Separated by great distances Kinetic Theory of Gases Interact only when they collide 5. Elastic collisions Physical Properties of Gases Diffusion Effusion Permeability Compressibility Expansibility Diffusion spontaneous mixing due to particle motion Effusion gas particles passing through a tiny opening into an evacuated area Both diffusion and effusion are directly related to the speed of the gas molecules. rate of effusion for gas 1 Graham?s Law of Effusion rate of effusion for gas 2 = molar mass2 molar mass1 molar massN = 28.02 g/mol Sample Problem 1 Calculate the ratio of effusion rates between nitrogen (N2) and Argon (Ar). molar massAr = 39.95 g/mol rate of effusion for gas 1

Chapter 5

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thermodynamics
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Pressure measurement
Torr
Pressure
Volume

Chapter 5 ? Gases 5.1- Pressure ~Barometer ? Measures atmospheric pressure. Invented in 1643 Units of Pressure ~Manometer ? instrument used for measuring pressure. MmHg / Torr ~ Standard atmosphere : 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 101325 Pa 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro Boyle?s Law- Pressure and volume are INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL P goes up V goes down P1V1 = P2V2 Charles Law- As T increases V increases V1/ T1 = V2/ T2 ~ K = `C + 273 ~ Pgas = Patm + Ph in an open ended manometer Gay- Lussac?s Law- P1/T1 = P2/T2 Avogadro?s Law- V1/n1 = V2/n2 Combined gas law- P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2 Ideal Gas Laws- PV = nRT ~Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases consant motion and perfectly elastic gas molecules do not attract or repel

Gas Laws Notes

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Units of pressure
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Charles' Law
Properties of Gases
Effusion
Graham's Law of Effusion

Gas Laws Properties of Gases Fluids Low density Highly compressible Completely fill a container and exert pressure in all directions Pressure the force exerted per unit of area Units of pressure: kilopascal (kPa) atmosphere (atm) torr (torr) millimeters of mercury (mmHg) pounds per square inch (psi) 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 101 kPa Pressure and Volume How are pressure and volume of a gas related? Think about the demos yesterday. What are the words we use for this relationship? What would a graph look like? Pressure and Volume Boyle?s Law: the volume of a certain mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to the gas P1V1 = P2V2 P V
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