Subsistence agriculture

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Sustainable food system

Agroecology

Farm

?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?1? AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Agriculture 1. What is the ?typical human? and how does this differ with your situation especially with regard to how and what you eat? 2. Why do LDCs have such a high percentage of the world?s farmers? 3. How can the United States produce so much food with just less than 2% of the population engaged in agriculture? 4. What is the most important distinction regarding farm products? 5. What are the main reasons for the variety of agricultural practices in the world? 6. Describe why farmers in the same culture make different decisions with respect to what they grow. 7. From a global perspective, how do recent trends impact farmer?s decisions?

Ch. 10 PPT

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Industrial agriculture

Organic farming

Cash crop

Food security

Agricultural productivity

Green Revolution

Intensive farming

? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issues ? Where did agriculture originate? ? Why do people consume different foods? ? Where is agriculture distributed? ? Why do farmers face economic difficulties? ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Did Agriculture Originate? ? Invention of Agriculture ? Prior to the advent of agriculture, all humans probably obtained needed food through hunting and gathering. ? Origins of agriculture cannot be documented with certainty, because it began before recorded history. ? Agriculture is deliberate modification of Earth?s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain. ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. History of Agriculture ? Hunter-Gatherers

APHUG 11.1 NOTES

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Farmer

Agriculture in Mesoamerica

Insights The First Agricultural Revolution -Geographers believe that plant domestication began in Asia & South America over 14,000 years ago -This led to the planned cultivation of root crops -Geographers believe that seed crop cultivation began around 12,000 years ago in the Nile River Valley and Mesopotamia regions -This was much more complex than root crops (had to have more elaborate watering, sowing & harvesting) -This marked the beginning of the ?First Agricultural Revolution? -Impact of First Agricultural Revolution led to amore reliable food source & permanent settlements -This led to the first time period of population growth -All of these agricultural hearths eventually experienced diffusion to other areas

APHUG 11.2 NOTES

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Industrial agriculture

Environmental issues

Genetically modified food

Green Revolution

Insights The Third Agricultural Revolution -The third revolution is also called the Green Revolution -It began in the US during the 1930s when scientists manipulated seed varieties to increase crop yields -In the 40s, US philanthropists funded research in Mexico to improve maize/corn yields -By the 1960s, Mexico no longer imported corn -Basic definition: agriculture meets science -Many feel the Green Revolution has hurt subsistent farmers that may try and sell their surplus -Green Revolution has had little affect in Africa where their agriculture focuses on different crops and they have lower soil fertility -Green Revolution focused on rice, wheat, and corn -India became self sufficient by the 1980s -Asia saw a 2/3 increase of production between 1970 and 1995

AP Human Geography The Cultural Landscape Vocab Ch. 10

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Tropical agriculture

Rural community development

Slash-and-burn

Shifting cultivation

Crop rotation

Wheat

Thresh

Business

Agribusiness Agriculture Cereal grain Chaff Combine Commercial agriculture Crop Crop rotation Desertification Double cropping Grain Green revolution Horticulture Hull Intensive subsistence agriculture Milkshed Paddy Pastoral nomadism Pasture Plantation Prime agricultural land Ranching Reaper Ridge tillage Sawah Shifting cultivation Slash-and-burn agriculture Spring wheat Subsistence agriculture Sustainable agriculture Swidden Thresh Transhumance Wet rice Winnow Winter wheat
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agricultire outline

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Tropical agriculture

Farmer

Agriculture in Saskatchewan

Cash crop

Miles Diehl 3rd Period Agriculture Agriculture 1. What is agriculture, and where did agriculture begin? Agriculture is the deliberate tending of crops and livestock to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel. Primary economic activities: Economic activities that involve the extraction of economically valuable products from the earth, including agriculture, ranching, hunting and gathering, fishing, forestry. Secondary economic activities: Activities (ex., manufacturing) that take a primary product and change it into something else such as toys, ships, processed foods, chemicals, and buildings. Tertiary economic activities are those service industries that connect producers to consumers and facilitate commerce and trade or help people meet their needs.

Human Geo Chp 10 K.I 2

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Cultural anthropology

Shifting cultivation

Slash-and-burn

Nomad

Rice

Isaiah Bennett P.1 3/25/13 Ch.2 K.I 2 I Shifting Cultivation Shifting Cultivation is practiced in much of the world?s Humid Low-Latitude, or a climate regions, which have relatively high temperatures and abundant rainfall Characteristics of shifting Cultivation Shifting cultivation/ slash and burn agriculture clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris The Process of Shifting Cultivation Each Year villagers designate for planting an area surrounding the settlement before planting They must remove dense vegetation, An efficient strategy is the cut down selected large trees, which bring smaller trees that may have been weakened by nothing Swidden, Lading, Milpa, Chena, and Kaingin Clearing a area of land Crops of shifting cultivation

Human Geo ch. 10

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Agricultural soil science

Agroecology

Organic farming

Food security

Crop rotation

Tillage

Isaiah Bennett P.1 4/9/2013 Ch.10 K.I 4 I Challenges for Commercial Farmers Commercial farmers are in some ways victims of their own success Government subsides help prop op farm income, but many believe that the future health of commercial farming rests with embracing more sustainable practices Importance of Access to Markets The purpose of commercial farmers to sell produce off the farm the distance from the farm to the market. Von Thenen based his general model of the spatial arrangement of different crops on his experience as a owner of a large estate. Overproduction in Commercial Farming Commercial farming suffer from low incomes because they are capable of production

Unit 6 Vocab

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Archaeological theory

Fertile Crescent

Neolithic

neolithic revolution

Sociocultural evolution

Shifting cultivation

Wheat

Biotechnology

Domestication

Agribusiness The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products. Agriculture The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. AIDS A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles Animal domestication Animals kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans; differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals. Biotechnology

A summary

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Diff

Commercial agriculture