Archaeological theory

agriculture

Seed

? ? ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE 1. Define agriculture: 2. Define crop: 3a. What are the characteristics of a hunter-gatherer society? b. How many hunter-gatherers are there today? c. Where do they live? 4a. Define vegetative planting: b. What types of plants were first propagated in this way? c. What animals were associated with the societies that used vegetative planting? 5a. Define seed agriculture: b. What crops were first propagated in this way? c. What animals were associated with the societies that used seed agriculture? ? CLASSIFYING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS

Chapter 1 The Earth and Its Peoples

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crops

Wheat

Emmer

Cereal

Chapter 1 Outline ? The Neolithic Revolution LECTURE/DISCUSSION ?THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS? A. The Neolithic Revolution Pre-revolution For 99% of human existence, our forbears lived by hunting and foraging These individuals were tied to the seasons of plant foods and the movements of animals Deliberated cultivation of food (beginning of food production) began about 10,000 years ago > called the Neolithic Revolution The development of agriculture most clearly moved humans toward a more sophisticated social and cultural patterns B. What is an agricultural society? Humans settle in one spot and focus on particular economic, political, and religious goals and activities most people are farmers production of food is the number 1 economic activity C. Initial Development

Chatper 1 The Earth and Its Peoples Outline

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crops

Wheat

Emmer

Cereal

Chapter 1 Outline ? The Neolithic Revolution LECTURE/DISCUSSION ?THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS? A. The Neolithic Revolution Pre-revolution For 99% of human existence, our forbears lived by hunting and foraging These individuals were tied to the seasons of plant foods and the movements of animals Deliberated cultivation of food (beginning of food production) began about 10,000 years ago > called the Neolithic Revolution The development of agriculture most clearly moved humans toward a more sophisticated social and cultural patterns B. What is an agricultural society? Humans settle in one spot and focus on particular economic, political, and religious goals and activities most people are farmers production of food is the number 1 economic activity C. Initial Development

persia_chart_1_paleo_and_neo.doc

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Cultural anthropology

Fertile Crescent

Nomad

CIVILIZATION Paleolithic/Neolithic Periods Time Period P: Generally accepted to start around 2 Million years ago and ended at Neolithic?s start N: Began About 12,000 Yrs ago (10,000BCE), ended at the start of the river valley civilizations Geographic Description P: There were shifts in the Earth?s climate which at time included ice ages. Early people began to migrate in search of food (followed wild herds);nomads hunted and gathered food N: Ice sheets rescinded and in the more temperate zones, domestication of plants and animals occurred with the 1st area being the Middle East; farming spread along similar line of latitude Political: P:

World civilizations (the global experience) 6th edition chapter 1 outline

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Pleistocene

Hunting

human

Prehistoric technology

Neolithic British Isles

Chapter 1: The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization Human life in the era of hunters and gatherers homo sapiens- our species, had a more developed brain and free hands with opposable thumbs also in this time their children did not develop mature teeth until well after weaning By the end of the Paleolithic Age these advantages had made Homo sapiens a species capable of changing its environment Paleolithic culture (Stone Age) In late Paleolithic age Hunting and gathering Stone tools Increasing craftsmanship Increasing creativity The Spread of Human Culture (migration reasons) Because of fire an tools to provide life easier to migrate Hunting and gathering populations expanded

Prehistory

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Archaeology

Cenozoic

Phanerozoic

B.C.

PREHISTORY I. History is divided into two categories. A. Prehistoric Time: before man learned to write and keep records. B. Historic Time: period since man learned to write and keep records. II. Prehistoric Time A. Archeologists are scientists who study prehistoric man. B. They make educated guesses through the study of: 1. Bones of man (reconstruct size and appearance) 2. Animal bones found near man. 3. Weapons, tools, utensils, and other artifacts. C. The earliest period of man?s history is the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) 1. Manlike creature found in Africa (500,000 to 1,750,000 years ago) 2. Much like animals. 3. Set apart from animals by three things: a. erect posture: could use hands for defense or to hold weapons (thumb) b. speech c. large brain

Unit 6 Vocab

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Human Geography

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agriculture

Land management

Fertile Crescent

neolithic revolution