Punnett square

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Gene

Key Concepts ? Inherited traits are affected by genes. ? Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). ? DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself. ? DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made in cells. ? DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins. ? A mutant enzyme is an ?inborn error of metabolism? that blocks one step in a bio- chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules. ? Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes. ? Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological evolution. ? Because of their common descent, organisms share many features of their genetics and biochemistry. Key Terms

Ap-Ap Biology Semester 2 Vocabulary

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evolution

Dominance

genotype

Introduction to genetics

Gene

Semester 2: Biology Vocabulary Dominant - A comparative term, where one allele is expressed over the other True Breeding- The process of breeding of two organisms with an identical phenotype to procreate an organism with the same phenotype Recessive ? A comparative term, where one allele is not expressed over the other Sexual selection ? A process where mate is chosen based on certain characteristics or traits Homologous structures ? Structures that appear to be similar in different organisms, suggesting a common ancestry or an evolutionary origin. Selective breeding ? A process of breeding for a particular genetic trait Derived structures ? Structures that appear in the ancestor of a group or species, but do not appear in the other species.

Pre-Ap Biology Study Guide

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Gene

DNA

Pre-AP Bio-C Final Review 4 2012-2013 Ch. 9, 10 & 12 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. (1 point) _____ occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower of the same plant. a. Self-pollination c. Cross-pollination b. Auto-pollination d. Other-pollination ____ 2. (1 point) Mendel started his experiments with _____ plants, or plants that always produce offspring with a particular trait when they self-pollinate. a. True-breeding c. Same-breeding b. Cross-breeding d. Trait-breeding

Pre-Ap Biology Study Guide

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Gene

Pre-AP Bio-C Final Review 4 2012-2013 Ch. 9, 10 & 12 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. (1 point) _____ occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower of the same plant. a. Self-pollination c. Cross-pollination b. Auto-pollination d. Other-pollination ____ 2. (1 point) Mendel started his experiments with _____ plants, or plants that always produce offspring with a particular trait when they self-pollinate. a. True-breeding c. Same-breeding b. Cross-breeding d. Trait-breeding

Mendelian Genetics

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Mendelian inheritance

Zygosity

Phenotypic trait

health

Gregor Mendel Studied traits that occur in distinct forms. Developed true-breeding varieties When bred amongst themselves these plants produced offspring identical to the parent for that trait. Used mathematical analysis in his studies. Definitions Gametes: reproductive cells produced by sexually reproducing organisms. Two types: male gametes = sperm In plants: contained in pollen Female gametes = eggs In plants: contained in ovules which mature to seeds when fertilized Ovules contained in carpels Fertilization Fertilization: fusion of egg and sperm Self-fertilized: fusion of sperm and egg from same plant Cross fertilized: fusion of egg and sperm from two different plants Produced hybrids F1: first generation F2: second generation Mendel?s Model

Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 14 Test bank

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