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sociology

Sociology "Social Class"

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Chapter 7 Social Class: The Structure of Inequality Social Stratification and Social Inequality Social stratification is the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Social stratification is a characteristic of society (not individuals) and can persist over generations. Systems of Stratification Slavery is the most extreme system of social stratification and is based on the legal ownership of people. A caste system is a form of social stratification in which status is determined by one?s family history and background and cannot be changed.

Sociology "Deviance"

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Chapter 6 Deviance Defining Deviance Deviance is a behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction in a group. The definition of deviance varies widely across cultures, time, and situations. Deviance across Cultures It is important to remember that when sociologists use the term "deviant," they are making a social judgment, never a moral one. If a particular behavior is considered deviant, it means that it violates the values and norms or a particular group, not that it is inherently wrong. Much of the literature on deviance focuses on crime and how different cultures define very different behaviors as criminal or not and the vast differences seen in how crimes are punished. Theories of Deviance

Sociology "Life in Groups"

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Chapter 5 Separate and Together: Life in Groups What Is a Group? A group is a collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other. A crowd is different because it is simply a temporary gathering of people in a public place, where members may interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact. A crowd is one example of an aggregate, a collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations.

Black Community

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Employment is a major contributor to wealth accumulation. ?We?ve seen a game change in blacks getting white collar jobs,? says Tom Shapiro, director of the Institute on Assets and Social Policy at the Heller School at Brandeis University. ?The African-American middle class is no longer coming out of a service industry serving only the black community,? he says. These advancements are underplayed. However, the wealth gap between whites and African-Americans has tripled since 1984. Shapiro?s research estimates the wealth gap for median white households compared to black households grew from $85,000 in 1984 to $236,500 in 2009.

14552540-speilvogel-ch-26-prt2.pdf

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Sp. Ch26 prt 2 758-73 Retreat from Democracy: The Authoritarian and Totalitarian States I. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 proved extremely short-lived. By 1939, only 2 major states (France and Great Britain) and several minor ones (Low Countries, the Scandinavian states, Switzerland, and Czechoslovakia) remained democratic. A. Italy and Germany had succumbed to fascism, while the Soviet Union, under Stalin, had moved toward a repressive totalitarian state. B. A host of other European states, especially in eastern Europe, adopted authoritarian structures of various kinds. II. The dictatorial regimes b/w the wars assumed both old and new forms. A. The totalitarian regimes, whose best examples can be found in Stalinist Russia and

14552540-speilvogel-ch-26-prt22.pdf

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Sp. Ch26 prt 2 758-73 Retreat from Democracy: The Authoritarian and Totalitarian States I. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 proved extremely short-lived. By 1939, only 2 major states (France and Great Britain) and several minor ones (Low Countries, the Scandinavian states, Switzerland, and Czechoslovakia) remained democratic. A. Italy and Germany had succumbed to fascism, while the Soviet Union, under Stalin, had moved toward a repressive totalitarian state. B. A host of other European states, especially in eastern Europe, adopted authoritarian structures of various kinds. II. The dictatorial regimes b/w the wars assumed both old and new forms. A. The totalitarian regimes, whose best examples can be found in Stalinist Russia and

Chapter 4 Outline: American Government 9th Ed., Wilson&Dilulio

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Samuel Choi CHAPTER 4 OUTLINE: American Political Culture Introduction Complete dependence on a constitution(even the American Constitution) does not guarantee the survival of the government nor protection of liberties. The U.S. Constitution has been copied by many other nations. Examples include Argentina, Philippines, and Brazil. In nearly every instance, the constitution lasted a short time. Democratic rule lasts short time, and then is interrupted by events such as military takeover and corruption. Such a pattern was noticed by Alexis Tocqueville. Tocqueville found several reasons for the sole survival of the American Constitution The U.S. was more suited for such a Constitution.

Chapter 1 Outline: American Government 9th Ed., Wilson&Dilulio

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Samuel Choi CHAPTER ONE OUTLINE: THE STUDY OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Introduction There are two main questions about government and politics. The two questions are, ?Who governs??, and, ?To what extent should the government rule?? People are concerned with who governs, because the ruler?s beliefs and values will affect the lives of normal citizens through the ruler?s laws. Because of this, people vote and participate in government in order to try and make a change in the government that will positively affect them. People are also concerned with what extent the government rules, because it shows how much and which parts of citizens? lives will be affected. What is Political Power?

Chapter 10

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Chapter 10 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe I. Introduction A. Middle Ages ? Medieval 1. Gradual recovery from Rome?s collapse 2. Growing interaction with other societies B. Spread of religious beliefs 1. Most polytheistic converted from Christianity 2. Some continued to believe in magic/supernatural spirits C. Knowledge from trade/invaders 1. Tools for new crops 2. European paper factory 3. Arabs ? math, science, philosophy D. Took more from other nations than contributed ? one-sided trade E. Two Images 1. Prejudice toward Europe ? big, smelly, hairy lugs a. Newer to civilization b. Economy less advanced c. Manners less polished 2. Flashes of brilliance a. Thomas Aquinas ? sum up knowledge of man, God, nature

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