Sociological terms

SOCIOLOGY TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE Socialization- a lifelong process of learning to a member of the social world. Stratification- has individuals and groups are layered or ranked in society to how many valued resources they possess. Independent Variable- a variable in a cause and effect relationship that comes first in a time sequence and causes a change in another variable Dependent Variable- The variable in a cause and effect relationship that is affected by and comes after the independent variable in time sequence. Society- An organized and interdependent group of individuals who live together in a specific geographical area and who interact more with each other than they do with outsiders; they cooperate for the attainment of common goals and share a common culture over time

SOCIOLOGY NOTES FEB 10 CULTURE: MATERIAL vs. NONMATERIAL Material culture: All human made artifacts we can see or touch Nonmaterial culture: thoughts, language, feelings, beliefs, values, Attitudes Values: shared judgments about right of wrong Beliefs: ideas we hold about life, about where we fit in, about the way society works Ideal culture: how things ?should? be Real culture: the way things are actually done NORMS: rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the value system NORMS Rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the value system Examples: brush your teeth, finish high school, do not murder Include: Folkways Mores Laws Taboos FOLKWAYS Customs or desirable behaviors Examples: cheating on a spouse LAWS

SOCIOLOGY NOTES CHAPTER 5 FEB 26 THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION People assume that others will share their interpretations of a situation. Shared interpretations include situational norms, which create cues for appropriate behavior. Dress Manner Actions Communication (verbal and non-verbal) Interaction norms and expectations are learned through socialization INTERACATION INCLUDES VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Non-verbal communication: interactions using facial expressions, the head, eye contact, body posture, gestures, touch, walk, status symbols, and personal space Personal space: an example of non-verbal communication The amount of personal space people need varies by: Culture setting Gender Status Social context Personal space communicates social positions