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Cell biology

cellsurface biofact sheet

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The Cell Surface Membrane B io F actsheet September 1997 Number 8 1 The cell surface membrane (formerly called the plasma membrane) surrounds the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The membrane forms a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the substances that enter and leave the cell and therefore enables the cell to regulate its internal environment. 2. Glycolipids - which make up 5% of membrane lipids. Glycolipids occur on the external surface of the cell surface membrane and the carbohydrate portion of the glycolipid extends into the intercellular space and is called a glycocalyx. These are important in cell-to-cell recognition. 3. Cholesterol - a steroid which makes up 20% of lipids in animal membranes but is rarely found in plant cell membranes.

structure_to_function Kidney biofactsheet

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1 B io F actsheet September 1997 Number 4 Structure to function in eukaryotic cells The cell surface membrane and the membranes which form organelles in eukaryotic cells all have the same basic structure, known as the fluid mosaic model. Such membranes provide control of the entry and exit of substances into cells and organelles and such control is a result of the phospholipid bilayer and membrane proteins. In eukaryotic cells, such membranes divide the cytoplasm into multiple compartments (organelles). Organelles allow different functions to occur efficiently and simultaneously in different parts of the cell. For example, the outer double membrane of the mitochondrion separates out those reactions which occur in mitochondria from those in the general cytoplasm.

Membrane practice Test

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Membrane Practice Test AP Biology Choose the response which best completes the following statements or answers the following questions. 1. If a solution outside a cell is more concentrated so that the cell loses water to its environment,??the external solution is said to be __________ to the cell contents.??(1.) hypertonic (2.) in equilibrium (3.) isotonic (4.) hypotonic 2. Which mechanism requires energy? (1.) facilitated diffusion (2.) osmosis (3.) diffusion (4.) active transport 3. Pinching in of fluids by a unicellular organism is the process of (1.) phagocytosis (2.) osmosis (3.) pinocytosis??(4.) exocytosis (5.) facilitated diffusion

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 6

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A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6 Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic features of all cells Plasma membrane Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes (carry genes) Ribosomes (make proteins) ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having No nucleus DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid No membrane-bound organelles

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 7

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CHAPTER 7 Membrane Structure and Function Overview: Life at the Edge The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions The fluid mosaic model states that a membrane is a fluid structure with a ?mosaic? of various proteins embedded in it Membrane Models: Scientific Inquiry Membranes have been chemically analyzed and found to be made of proteins and lipids

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 6

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CHAPTER 6: A TOUR OF THE CELL Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Concept 6.1: Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye In a light microscope (LM), visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified Three important parameters of microscopy

Living Environment - Cells Review

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The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body Unit 2: The Cell Chemistry in Biology Cellular Structure and Function Cellular Energy Cellular Reproduction The Building Blocks of Life All organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. Specifically molecules called hydrocarbons. (...they contain C and H) Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. There are four major categories of biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates: store energy and provide structural support. Lipids: store energy and provide barriers

Living Environment - Lab Review

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Living Environment Part D (Required Labs) Review Beaks of Finches 14 Species of Darwin?s finches Beaks vary in size and shape Bodies vary in size and shape Beaks of Finches Different beak sizes and shapes differ in their efficiency at performing particular tasks. Beaks of Finches Why do offspring of better-adapted individuals inherit many of their parents? favorable variations? Beaks of Finches Why do offspring of better-adapted individuals inherit many of their parents? favorable variations? Favorable variations allow parents to survive and then reproduce more. Their offspring then may possess those variations. Beaks of Finches What are the parts of Darwin?s theory of Natural Selection? Beaks of Finches What are the parts of Darwin?s theory of Natural Selection?

Living Environment- Lab Summaries

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Living Environment Part D (Required Labs) Review Beaks of Finches 14 Species of Darwin?s finches Beaks vary in size and shape Bodies vary in size and shape Beaks of Finches Different beak sizes and shapes differ in their efficiency at performing particular tasks. Beaks of Finches Why do offspring of better-adapted individuals inherit many of their parents? favorable variations? Beaks of Finches Why do offspring of better-adapted individuals inherit many of their parents? favorable variations? Favorable variations allow parents to survive and then reproduce more. Their offspring then may possess those variations. Beaks of Finches What are the parts of Darwin?s theory of Natural Selection? Beaks of Finches What are the parts of Darwin?s theory of Natural Selection?

Living Environment- Cells Notes

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The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body Unit 2: The Cell Chemistry in Biology Cellular Structure and Function Cellular Energy Cellular Reproduction The Building Blocks of Life All organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. Specifically molecules called hydrocarbons. (...they contain C and H) Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. There are four major categories of biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates: store energy and provide structural support. Lipids: store energy and provide barriers

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