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Chemical elements

Chapter 4 Notes

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BIOL 1020 ? CHAPTER 4 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 4: Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Organic Compounds Organic compounds: any compound of carbon and another element or radical Inorganic: any compound that does not contain carbon. Carbon skeletons: the skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure Wide diversity in organic compounds Carbon has diverse bonding patterns. Carbon atomic structure How many valence electrons in a carbon atom? 4 How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom maximum form? 4 Bonding patterns Valence = 4 electrons Different molecular shape: chains, branches, ring, etc. Length difference. Hydrocarbons ? organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen e.g. propane

Biology Notes

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Cellular respiration
Metabolism
Chemical elements
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Integral membrane proteins
Redox
Electron transport chain
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Oxygen
Chemical bond
Technology

Biology Chapter 6 notes During cellular respirations: electrons are transferred to oxygen as carbon-hydrogen bonds of gloces are broken & hydrogen-oxygen bonds of water form Glucose loses hydrogen atoms as it is converted to carbon dioxide Oxygen gains hydrogen atoms in being converted to water Redox reaction: Electron transfer requires redox reactions for electrons to lose potential energy + release energy Oxidizing glucose: NAD+, dehygrenase Electron transport chain: electrons falling from glucose to oxygen, the transfer of electrons from an organic molecule to NADH Cellular respiration: Glycolysis (cytosol): break glucose into two molecules of pyruvate net product: NADH + ATP

AP Chemistry learning exercise

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Chemistry
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Nuclear technology
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Actinides
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Heavy water
Uranium
Deuterium
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Learning exercise

Energy Calculation Problems Problem #1: A cubic block of uranium metal (specific heat = 0.117 J g?1 ?C?1) at 200.0 ?C is dropped into 1.00 L of deuterium oxide of "heavy water" (specific heat = 4.211 J g?1 ?C?1) at 25.5 ?C. The final temperature of the uranium and the deuterium oxide mixture is 28.5 ?C. Given the densities of uranium (19.05 g/cm3) and deuterium oxide (1.11 g/mL) what is the length of the side of the uranium cube? Problem #2: 175.0 g pure H2O was placed in a constant-pressure calorimeter and chilled to 10.0 ?C. 9.80 g pure H2SO4 (also at 10.0 ?C) was added, stirred and the temperature rose to 19.8 ?C. (a) What mass increased in temperature? (b) What was ?t? (c) What was the chemical reaction? (d) What do we assume about the specific heat?

APES Chapter 20

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Environmental Science
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APES Environmental Science

Chapter 20 WATER POLLUTION Multiple Choice Questions CORE CASE STUDY Lake Washington, near Seattle, was degraded by the growth of which of the following? coliform bacteria protozoans snails aquatic plants cyanobacteria Level: Moderate Answer: E The degradation of Lake Washington resulted from the introduction by sewage treatment plants of which of the following? phosphorus nitrogen oxygen chlorine fecal material Level: Moderate Answer: A When researchers studying Lake Washington got no action from treatment plant managers, they did which of the following? went on to something new went to the Washington State legislature for help went to the EPA for help educated the public wrote more scientific articles Level: Moderate Answer: D

review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4-18.9.09

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? ? ?Page | ? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?1? review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4* 18.Sep.09 Chapter.4 :: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life [[Page.58]] Overview ?Carbon ? The Backbone of Biological Molecules [[Page.58]] Although living organisms use water as their universal medium for life, they are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon. Carbon enters the biosphere through the action of plants in the transformation of CO2 Of all chemical elements, carbon is unparalleled (best) in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse (various), and this molecular diversity had made possible the diversity of organisms that have evolved on Earth.

Chemistry of Oxygen

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Pre Lab Chemistry of Oxygen

The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table Pre Lab Report The objective of the experiment will be to perform and to observe the reactions of oxygen with several metallic and nonmetallic elements. We will determine whether these oxides behave as an acid or a base in aqueous solutions. We will perform this experiment by decomposing hydrogen peroxide by using a catalyst. We will burn certain elements inside a vessel that will be used to capture the oxygen decomposed by the H2O2 and then capture the contents. Once we captured the oxides, a small amount of water will be added so that a universal indicator will be used to determine their acidity.

Flash Cards

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Phosphorus
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Fluorine
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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology The science of body structures and the relationships among them. The science of body functions. Levels of structural organization Chemical Cell Tissues Organ System Organism Chemical includes atoms- create molecules of(two or more atoms joined together. ESSENTIAL ATOMS TO THE BODY Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Calcium Sulfur
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Essential Chemistry for Biology

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Periodic table
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Chalcogens
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Oxygen
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Abundance of the chemical elements
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Essential Chemistry for Biology Chapter 2 1. There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. What is an element? substances that cannot be broken down 2. Four of the elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen make up about 96% of the weight of the human body. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the body. 3. Trace elements are required in very small amounts, but we cannot live without them. 4. Why is the trace element iodine important in the body? essential for hormone produced by thyroid gland 5. Why is the trace element fluoride important in the body? needed component of healthy bones and teeth 6. Know the chemical element for each of the following symbols: C; carbon H; hydrogen O; oxygen

APHuG glossary

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Human Geography
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glossary
Rubenstein

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Acid deposition Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels., enter the atmosphere ? where they combine with oxygen and water form sulfuric acid and nitric acid ? and return to Earth?s surface Acid precipitation Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog Agribusiness Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by larger corporations Agricultural density

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