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Matter

Ch. 2: The Chemical Context of Life

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Camobell Bio 9th Edition

2.1 An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. A compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Essential elements are needed for a healthy life and to reproduce. Humans need 25, plants need 17 Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Nitrogen (N)?make up 96% of living matter Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements accounting for most of the remaining 4% of an organism's mass. Trace elements are required by an organism in only minute quantities. ? 2.2 Protons and neutrons are electrically charged. Proton= positive, electron=negative, neutron=neutral

Chapter 3 Notes

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biochemistry

BIOL 1020 - CHAPTER 2 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life You must understand chemistry to understand life (and to pass this course)! Elements and Atoms Elements ? substances that cannot be further broken down into other substances (at least by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has a chemical symbol (H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, etc.); this is most familiar from the periodic table Essential elements: elements that an organism needs to live. They are similar along different organism but there is some variation Trace element: elements that are required by an organism in only minute quantities E.g.: Iron (Trace) Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Carbon(Essential elements)

AP serway notes chp 9

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Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium positions Can be modeled as springs connecting molecules More About Solids External forces can be applied to the solid and compress the material In the model, the springs would be compressed When the force is removed, the solid returns to its original shape and size This property is called elasticity Crystalline Solid Atoms have an ordered structure This example is salt Gray spheres represent Na+ ions Green spheres represent Cl- ions Amorphous Solid Atoms are arranged almost randomly Examples include glass Liquid

Kinetic Molecular Theory

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Kinetic Molecular Theory All matter is composed of small particles. Particles of matter are in constant motion. Particle collisions are elastic. (No transfer of energy/loss of energy in a collision) Gases only: Volume of each gas particle is negligible compared to the volume of the sample. Particles of gases exert no forces of attractions on each other. (This is due to the great distance between molecules.) Ideas of KMT explain ideal gas behavior. Deviations of ideal gas behavior occur among real gases because real gases do have volume and IMF?s. Deviations are minimized under conditions of low pressure and high temperature (PLIGHT) Hydrogen and helium behave most like ideal gases due to their small size and very weak IMFs.

Hydrates Lab

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chemistry hydrates lab

Pre-Lab Title: Hydrates Lab Purpose: This investigation should aid in the understanding of the composition of hydrates and simple decomposition reactions. The purpose is to determine the percent of water in a hydrate. Materials: 1. Evaporating dish 5. Iron Ring 8. Crucible tongs 2. Wire gauze 6. Microspatula 9. Bunsen burner 3. Laboratory balance 7. Safety glasses 10. Ring stand 4. Copper (II) sulfate hydrate Procedure: 1. Prepare the set up shown in figure. 2. Heat the dish with the hottest part of the flames for 3 minutes. 3. Leave the evaporation dish on the gauze and let it cool for 3 minutes.

Wiley Joeking

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Chemistry: Matter & Properties Matter is anything that has _______________ and occupies ______________. Matter has (Area) (Volume) (Indefinite Structure) What are the 4 building blocks of matter? __________, _________, ___________, and _______________. What is NOT a building block of matter Odor Compounds Amino Acids Both A and C None Of the above The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element: _________________________ A pure substance made of only one kind of atom is an _________________ An element is made up of ___ kind(s) of atom(s) Which of the following DOESN?T describe a compound? It is a substance It is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Made from atoms Made of 2 or more elements

review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4-18.9.09

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? ? ?Page | ? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?1? review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4* 18.Sep.09 Chapter.4 :: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life [[Page.58]] Overview ?Carbon ? The Backbone of Biological Molecules [[Page.58]] Although living organisms use water as their universal medium for life, they are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon. Carbon enters the biosphere through the action of plants in the transformation of CO2 Of all chemical elements, carbon is unparalleled (best) in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse (various), and this molecular diversity had made possible the diversity of organisms that have evolved on Earth.

Chemistry of Oxygen

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Pre Lab Chemistry of Oxygen

The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table Pre Lab Report The objective of the experiment will be to perform and to observe the reactions of oxygen with several metallic and nonmetallic elements. We will determine whether these oxides behave as an acid or a base in aqueous solutions. We will perform this experiment by decomposing hydrogen peroxide by using a catalyst. We will burn certain elements inside a vessel that will be used to capture the oxygen decomposed by the H2O2 and then capture the contents. Once we captured the oxides, a small amount of water will be added so that a universal indicator will be used to determine their acidity.

Essential Chemistry for Biology

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Essential Chemistry for Biology Chapter 2 1. There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. What is an element? substances that cannot be broken down 2. Four of the elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen make up about 96% of the weight of the human body. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the body. 3. Trace elements are required in very small amounts, but we cannot live without them. 4. Why is the trace element iodine important in the body? essential for hormone produced by thyroid gland 5. Why is the trace element fluoride important in the body? needed component of healthy bones and teeth 6. Know the chemical element for each of the following symbols: C; carbon H; hydrogen O; oxygen

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