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Chromatin

Pearson Ch 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Biology
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DNA
Molecular genetics
Genetics
nucleic acids
Okazaki fragments
Semiconservative replication
Chromatin
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acid double helix
Base pair
D-loop
Telomere

16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ch. 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists When T. H. Morgan?s group showed that genes are located on chromosomes, the two components of chromosomes?DNA and protein?became candidates for the genetic material A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule packed together with proteins The bacterial chromosome is a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protein Eukaryotic chromosomes have linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein In a bacterium, the DNA is ?supercoiled? and found in a region of the cell called the nucleoid

Chromatin folding

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics
Molecular genetics
DNA
Proteins
Chromatin
Histone
Nucleosome
Chromosome
Non-histone protein
Solenoid

Chromatin: The formation of chromosomes Chromatin is packed into chromosomes during mitosis. We will look at the steps from interphase to metaphase There are several levels of organisation in terms of chromatin folding? Free DNA 2nm Formation of the nucleosome: The DNA strand wraps around a core of eight histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4: x2) 1.65 times. Also known as ?beads-on-a-string? and is the basic chromatin structure. 10nm An H1 histone tails binds on the outside of the coil on each nucleosome unit, now chromatosome units. Further condensing occurs: 30nm Interactions between: Interactions between chromatosomes (nucleosomes and H1 histones) leads to more folding of the 30nm fibres, creating a thicker fibre. 30nm

Types of chromatin

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics
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Proteins
Molecular biology
Chromatin
Histone
Nucleosome
Euchromatin
Heterochromatin
DNA

Chromatin: Types of chromatin Chromatin In non-dividing cells, the DNA exists as chromatin and appears uncoiled and randomly dispersed After DNA replication (S phase) the chromatin begins to condense in preparation for mitosis Chromatin consists of 50% DNA, 50% proteins, mainly histones Chromatin is the structure that the eukaryotic genome is packaged into It allows long molecules of DNA to fit into the small volume of the nucleus The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome Further folding and compaction of chromatin produces visible metaphase chromosomes during cell division Heterochromatin vs Euchromatin Euchromation Active Chromatin The majority of chromatin is this form Less condensed, lightly packed in the nucleus (basic ?beads on a string? form ?check)

AP Bio Campbell 7E Chapter 19 Test Bank

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Biology
Genetics
Molecular genetics
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Molecular biology
Chromatin
Euchromatin
Histone
Nucleosome
DNA
Transcription factor
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

Ch 19 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The condensed chromosomes observed in mitosis include all of the following structures except a. nucleosomes. b. 30-nm fibers. c. 300-nm fibers. d. looped domain. e. ribosomes. ____ 2. Under the electron microscope, unfolded chromatin resembles "beads on a string." What do the "beads" represent? a. nucleosomes b. ribosomes c. beadosomes d. molecules of DNA polymerase e. molecules of RNA polymerase ____ 3. In a nucleosome, what is the DNA wrapped around? a. polymerase molecules b. ribosomes c. mRNA d. histones e. nucleolus protein

Gene Regulation powerpoint

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
RNA
Gene expression
Molecular genetics
Epigenetics
RNA interference
Euchromatin
Regulation of gene expression
Polyadenylation
Chromatin
Messenger RNA
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression Correlations to AP Bio Course Curriculum See Unit 3 Essential Knowledge document for all EK statements for Chapter 18. Correlations to AP Bio Course Curriculum Learning Objective 3.18: The student is able to describe the connection between the regulation of gene expression and observed differences between different kinds of organisms. Learning Objective 3.19: The student is able to describe the connection between the regulation of gene expression and observed differences between individuals in a population. Correlations to AP Bio Course Curriculum Learning Objective 3.20: The student is able to explain how the regulation of gene expression is essential for the processes and structures that support efficient cell function.

Bio_160_Lecture4

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
RNA
Gene expression
Molecular biology
Molecular genetics
Epigenetics
Messenger RNA
Transcription factor
Regulation of gene expression
Chromatin
Gene
health

Gene Expression Chapter 11 ? Differentiation yields a variety of cell types, each expressing a different combination of genes ? Different types of cells make different proteins because different combinations of genes are active in each type Muscle cell Pancreas cells Blood cells Fiure 11.2 Differentiated cells may retain all of their genetic potential Most differentiated cells retain a complete set of genes Root of carrot plant Root cells cultured in nutrient medium Cell division in culture Plantlet Adult Plant Single cell Figure 11.3 DNA packing in eukaryotic chromosomes helps regulate gene expression ? A chromosome contains DNA wound around clusters of histone proteins ? This beaded fiber is further wound and folded

AP Biology Chapter 16 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Molecular biology
DNA Replication
Molecular genetics
DNA
Gene
Okazaki fragments
Chromatin
Transcription
RNA
Nucleotide excision repair
health

Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Essay questions will be on Feulgen, Griffith experiement, Hershey and Chase, Chargoff, Watson and Crick, Tatum Beadle Experiment Overview: Your genetic material is contained in: 1. 46 chromsomes from mom and dad 2. Mitochondrial DNA from mom Nucleic acids - Unique from all other molecules in that they can direct their own replication. 16.1 DNA is the genetic material A. The Search for Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry Initially, Genes were noted to be on chromosomes (b/c of work by Morgan an d Mendel) ? so people didn?t know if they were on the proteins or on the DNA. 1. Frederick Griffith (figure 16.2)? Showed evidence that DNA (not protein) can transform bacteria Background:
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