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Eukaryote

Prokaryotes

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Biology AP Prokaryotes Campbell

Overview: They?re (Almost) Everywhere! ? Prokaryotes were the earliest organisms on Earth. ? Today, they still dominate the biosphere. ? Their collective biomass outweighs all eukaryotes combined at least tenfold. ? More prokaryotes inhabit a handful of fertile soil or the mouth or skin of a human than the total number of people who have ever lived. ? Prokaryotes are wherever there is life. ? They thrive in habitats that are too cold, too hot, too salty, too acidic, or too alkaline for any eukaryote. ? Prokaryotes have even been discovered in rocks two miles below the surface of the Earth. ? Why have these organisms dominated the biosphere since the origin of life on Earth? ? Prokaryotes display diverse adaptations that allow them to inhabit many environments.

AP BIOLOGY CH 26

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#AP Biology #AP Bio #Biology

Chapter 26 The Tree of Life An Introduction to Biological Diversity Overview: Changing Life on a Changing Earth Life is a continuum Extending from the earliest organisms to the great variety of species that exist today Geological events that alter environments Change the course of biological evolution Conversely, life changes the planet that it inhabits Figure 26.1 Geologic history and biological history have been episodic Marked by what were in essence revolutions that opened many new ways of life Concept 26.1: Conditions on early Earth made the origin of life possible Most biologists now think that it is at least a credible hypothesis That chemical and physical processes on early Earth produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages

Biology Lecture on Prokaryotes

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+ Biology 10504 Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea + About me 2 Bachelors? degree: Concordia College in Minnesota Ph.D. in Biomedical Science: University of California, San Diego Moved to Fort Worth Jan 2010. Stayed in sunny San Diego for postdoctoral fellowship studying Anthrax. + Upper level courses I teach General Microbiology (BIOL 30303) 2 hr lecture + 3 hr lab (spring) Medical Microbiolgy (BIOL 40303) 3 hr lecture (Fall) + iClicker Questions I am taking BIOL 10504 because A)? I?m pre-med B)? I?m interested in another pre-health profession (pre-vet, pre-dental, etc.) C)? I?m interested in going to graduate school in Biology D)? I just like Biology and wanted to learn more about it E)? None of the above 4 +

enzyme lab attempt

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Cell Structure Chapter 4 Biology 1406 Fall 2013 Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life ? All organisms are composed of cells ? The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive ? Cells arise only from pre- existing cells ? Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 ?m 10 ?m 1 ?m 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Atoms Small molecules Lipids Proteins Ribosomes Viruses Smallest bacteria Mitochondrion Most bacteria Nucleus Most plant and animal cells Human egg Frog egg Chicken egg Length of some nerve and muscle cells

Campbell Biology Chapter 27

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Chapter 27- Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotes live everywhere and are microscopic Concept 27.1: Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Earth's first organisms were likely prokaryotes Most unicellular, although some form colonies Between .5-5 micrometers, much smaller than eukaryotic cells(10-100 micrometers) Many shapes Spheres (cocci) Rods (bacilli) Spirals Figure 27.2 Prokaryotic cell has a cell wall, which maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment (Eukaryotes have a cell wall made of cellulose or chitin) Capsule- polysaccharide or protein layer that covers prokaryotes

Ch. 6 Notes

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Cells

Ch. 6: A Tour of the Cell All organisms are made of cells simplest collection of matter that can be alive Microscopy progressed the discovery and early study of cells Robert Hooke looked at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree Antoni von Leeuwenhoek ? intro to the world of microorganisms Cell fractionation takes cells apart and separates major organelles and subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Euk: DNA is in the nucleus Pro: DNA is in the nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane) Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger Cytosol: semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Biological membrane: phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded Nucleus contains most of the genes in the cell

AP Bio notes

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6.2 Eukaryotic Cells I. Eukaryotic cells include animal, plant, protest, and fungi cells. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea. A. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic 1. SMILARITIES a. bounded by plasma membrane b. within membrane is a semifluid substance called cytosol in which organelles are found c. chromosomes ? carrying genes in form of RNA/DNA d. ribosomes ? tiny organelles that make proteins from genes 2. DIFFERENCES Eukaryote Prokaryote - Nucleus (chromosomes) - Nucleoid (but no membrane separates it from rest of the cell)

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 2

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Lesson Overview 7.2 Cell Structure 7.2 Bellringer ? Division of Labor Division of Labor A cell is made up of many parts with different functions that work together. Similarly, the parts of a computer work together to carry out different functions. 1. List different parts & function of a computer. 2. How do the functions of these computer parts correspond to the functions of certain cell parts? 3. What might happen if one part of a computer stopped working? THINK ABOUT IT At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer diversity of activity can be confusing. However, if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first seem like chaos begins to make sense. The same is true for the living cell. Student Objectives

Origin of the Cell

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Monera
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Prokaryotes- An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria; characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Spontaneous generation- mistaken idea that life can arise from nonliving materials Biogenesis- Idea that living organisms come only from other living organisms. Protocell- Large, ordered structure, enclosed by a membrane, that carries out some life activities, such as growth and division. Archaebacteria- Chemosynthetic prokaryotes that live in harsh environments, such as deep-sea vents and hot springs The Origin of Life Origins: The Early Ideas Spontaneous generation The idea that nonliving material can produce life

Campbell Bio 8Ed Ch1 Notes Outline

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evolution
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Chapter 1 Inquiring About the World of Life: Evolution: fundamental organizing principle of bio Biology: scientific study of life Answer questions about our everyday lives Evolution is core of bio New properties exist at each level of biology Emergent properties: arise at each level that do not exist at the preceding level Systems Biology: goal is to model the dynamic behavior of bio systems Organisms interact with environment Structure and Function Correlate at all levels Cells are basic units of structure and function Eukaryotic cell: subdivided into internal membranes Prokaryotic cell: simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cell Life based on information in form of DNA Genes: units that transmit inheritance info Genome: ?library of genetic instructions an organism inherits?

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