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Covalent bond

The Chemistry Of Life

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride Essential Elements of Life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are those required by an organism in minute quantities LE 2-3 Nitrogen deficiency Iodine deficiency LE 2-4 Nucleus Electrons Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atoms of the various elements differ in number of subatomic particles Atomic number Mass number Atomic mass Isotopes Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons

Anatomy Chemistry

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Chemistry Notes in Physiology Chemistry notes in Physiology: Atoms Atom?the basic unit of an element An atom consists of subatomic particles: Proton This has a ( + ) charge The number of protons in an atom is called atomic number Neutron This has no charge Electron This has a ( ? ) charge The number of electrons is usually equal to the number of protons ? Both the proton and the neutron are in the nucleus The sum of the proton and neutron is called atomic mass Shell = energy level 1st shell has 2 electrons 2nd shell has 8 electrons Valence electrons are the outermost electrons ? Isotopes = same atomic number, but different atomic mass Isotopes will differ in the number of neutrons For example: Hydrogen has 1 proton Deuterium has 1 proton and 1 neutron

Campbell Bio 9e Test 2

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Reece 8th Edition Test bank chapter 2

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?? A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen? B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen? C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium? D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen? E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium? Answer: ?D? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?? A) nitrogen? B) calcium? C) iodine? D) sodium? E) phosphorus? Answer: ?C? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension

Campbell Biology 9th All multiple choice Chp 2.

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

chemical bonding review

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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 CH 6 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a(n) a. chemical bond. c. neutron. b. London force. d. ion. ____ 2. As atoms bond with each other, they a. increase their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. b. decrease their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. c. increase their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter. d. decrease their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter.

Chapter 2 power points. Campbell Biology, 9th edition

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? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 Overview: A Chemical Connection to Biology ? Biology is a multidisciplinary science ? Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry ? One example is the use of formic acid by ants to maintain ?devil?s gardens,? stands of Duroia trees ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 2.2 Duroia tree Devil?s garden Cedrela sapling Inside, unprotected Inside, protected Insect barrier Outside, protected Outside, unprotected EXPERIMENT

Campbell Biology Chapter 2 outline

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SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Proton ? 1 positive charge (P+) Neutron ? no charge (N0) Electron ? 1 negative charge (E+) Nucleus An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. Electrons move around the nucleus Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Elements Substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction 92 occur naturally 25 of which are essential for life Bulk elements Required by the body in large amounts C N H O (make up 96% of the body) Trace elements Required by the body in small amounts Ultra trace elements Required by the body in minute amounts Atoms Smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element Weight Add proton and neutrons together for weight of nucleus Every proton and neutron weights one Dalton

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