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organelles

BIO 101 MOCK EXAM 1

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Chemistry
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Hydrogen bond
chemistry of life

Bio 101- Sparace Fall 2013 Mock Exam 1: Chpt 2-7 15 / P / 30.973761 What is the atomic mass of Phosphorus? 5 8 15 30.973761 How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have? 2 5 8 15 Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that make up 90% of living matter? Carbon Oxygen Helium Nitrogen Hydrogen What are the subatomic particles that make up atoms? Px, Py, and Pz Protons, neutrons, and electrons Anions, cations, and nutrions Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen What is the sum of protons and neutrons? Atomic number Nuclear ratio Electronegativity Atomic mass Which bonds rely on the equal or unequal sharing of electrons? Hydrogen Bonds

Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 7th Edition, ? Pearson Education, Inc. 12-1 Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lecture Outline Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division ? The ability of organisms to reproduce their kind is the one characteristic that best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter. ? The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. ? The division of a unicellular organism reproduces an entire organism, increasing the population. ? Cell division on a larger scale can produce progeny for some multicellular organisms. ? This includes organisms that can grow by cuttings.

Ch. 6 Notes

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Cells

Ch. 6: A Tour of the Cell All organisms are made of cells simplest collection of matter that can be alive Microscopy progressed the discovery and early study of cells Robert Hooke looked at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree Antoni von Leeuwenhoek ? intro to the world of microorganisms Cell fractionation takes cells apart and separates major organelles and subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Euk: DNA is in the nucleus Pro: DNA is in the nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane) Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger Cytosol: semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Biological membrane: phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded Nucleus contains most of the genes in the cell

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Cell membrane
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Lipid bilayer
Facilitated diffusion
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9/28/13 2:53 PM Tools used to study cells Microscopy Light microscope Electron microscope Scanning Transmission Cell fractionation - centrifuge Cells ? simplest collection of matter that can be alive All contain: Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm ? interior of cell Limited to small size because High SA to volume ration necessary for exchange between cell & environment As cells grow, volume increases at higher rate than SA Prokaryotic Lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles Nucleoid Location of DNA Not membrane enclosed Fimbriae Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Surface to volume ratio is important parameter affecting cell size & shape ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL Nucleus Functions: Houses chromosomes

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Ch.7 ? Membrane What makes something alive? What do all living things have in common? Carbon based Cells DNA Living organisms 1.8 million known species 10-100 million estimates species 3 domains Bacteria Archea Eukarya Same basic components Cells ? lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Eukaryotic ? nucleus & other membrane-bound structures Prokaryotic ? simpler, membrane & DNA Cells & tissues made from same set of chemicals Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Organic molecules/nutrients cycle through organisms & environment All organisms transfer & transform energy to power cellular processes Living organisms have been around for billions of years Prokaryotes ? 3.5 billion years ago Eukaryotes ? 2 billion Multi-cellular life ? 1.2 billion

AP Bio notes

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6.2 Eukaryotic Cells I. Eukaryotic cells include animal, plant, protest, and fungi cells. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea. A. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic 1. SMILARITIES a. bounded by plasma membrane b. within membrane is a semifluid substance called cytosol in which organelles are found c. chromosomes ? carrying genes in form of RNA/DNA d. ribosomes ? tiny organelles that make proteins from genes 2. DIFFERENCES Eukaryote Prokaryote - Nucleus (chromosomes) - Nucleoid (but no membrane separates it from rest of the cell)

Animal Cell Organelle Functions Chart

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Name Function Description Cell Membrane The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier regulating the cells chemical composition. Cytoplasm The Cytoplasm offers support to the cell and speeds up inter-cellular travel. It allows the cell to take up 3-dimensional space and the cell's many organelles to "float" freely throughout. Mitochondria Where the cell creates most of the energy (ATP), also known as the ?powerhouse? of the cell. Nucleus This is where all the DNA is kept and translated into mRNA. Golgi Apparatus Stores and sends out proteins using vestical transport. Lysosomes Filled with digestive enzymes, Lysosomes function to get rid of waste and break down large macromolecules. Endoplasmic Reticulum

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 2

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Lesson Overview 7.2 Cell Structure 7.2 Bellringer ? Division of Labor Division of Labor A cell is made up of many parts with different functions that work together. Similarly, the parts of a computer work together to carry out different functions. 1. List different parts & function of a computer. 2. How do the functions of these computer parts correspond to the functions of certain cell parts? 3. What might happen if one part of a computer stopped working? THINK ABOUT IT At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer diversity of activity can be confusing. However, if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first seem like chaos begins to make sense. The same is true for the living cell. Student Objectives

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 1: LIFE IS CELLULAR

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Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 Life is Cellular THINK ABOUT IT What?s the smallest part of any living thing that still counts as being ?alive?? Can we just keep dividing living things into smaller and smaller parts, or is there a point at which what?s left is no longer alive? As you will see, there is such a limit. The smallest living unit of any organism is the cell. 7.1 Student Objectives: I can state the cell theory and distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. I can describe how the different types of microscopes work. Bellringer 7.1 ? Cell Theory Cell Theory

Cell Components

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Components of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Cell Component Main Functions Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria, Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals Cell Wall Protection, structural support # # X X ---- Plasma Membrane Control of substances moving into & out of cell X X X X X Nucleus Physical separation of DNA of cytoplasm ----! X X X X DNA Encodes hereditary info X X X X X Nucleolus Assembly of ribosome subunits ---- X X X X Ribosome Protein synthesis X X X X X Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Synthesis, modification of membrane proteins, lipid synthesis ---- X X X X Golgi Body Final modification of membrane proteins; sorting, packaging lipids & proteins into vesicles ---- X X X X

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