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cell

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 1: LIFE IS CELLULAR

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Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function 7.1 Life is Cellular THINK ABOUT IT What?s the smallest part of any living thing that still counts as being ?alive?? Can we just keep dividing living things into smaller and smaller parts, or is there a point at which what?s left is no longer alive? As you will see, there is such a limit. The smallest living unit of any organism is the cell. 7.1 Student Objectives: I can state the cell theory and distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. I can describe how the different types of microscopes work. Bellringer 7.1 ? Cell Theory Cell Theory

Origin of the Cell

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Prokaryotes- An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria; characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Spontaneous generation- mistaken idea that life can arise from nonliving materials Biogenesis- Idea that living organisms come only from other living organisms. Protocell- Large, ordered structure, enclosed by a membrane, that carries out some life activities, such as growth and division. Archaebacteria- Chemosynthetic prokaryotes that live in harsh environments, such as deep-sea vents and hot springs The Origin of Life Origins: The Early Ideas Spontaneous generation The idea that nonliving material can produce life

Campbell Bio 8Ed Ch1 Notes Outline

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Chapter 1 Inquiring About the World of Life: Evolution: fundamental organizing principle of bio Biology: scientific study of life Answer questions about our everyday lives Evolution is core of bio New properties exist at each level of biology Emergent properties: arise at each level that do not exist at the preceding level Systems Biology: goal is to model the dynamic behavior of bio systems Organisms interact with environment Structure and Function Correlate at all levels Cells are basic units of structure and function Eukaryotic cell: subdivided into internal membranes Prokaryotic cell: simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cell Life based on information in form of DNA Genes: units that transmit inheritance info Genome: ?library of genetic instructions an organism inherits?

Biology Notes

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metabolism
cellular respiration
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excretion
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Respiration
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Unit I: The Concept of Life Biology : The Study of Life How is Life Defined? Key Idea: All living things carry out eight essential life functions. Collectively, the eight life functions are known as metabolism. Nutrition: the process in which food (organic molecules) is absorbed (ingestion) and used or broken down (digestion). Transport: the process in which material is moved from one place to another (circulated) within organisms. Active Transport: the type of transport that moves material from a low to high concentration while using energy.

Cell Components

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Components of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Cell Component Main Functions Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria, Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals Cell Wall Protection, structural support # # X X ---- Plasma Membrane Control of substances moving into & out of cell X X X X X Nucleus Physical separation of DNA of cytoplasm ----! X X X X DNA Encodes hereditary info X X X X X Nucleolus Assembly of ribosome subunits ---- X X X X Ribosome Protein synthesis X X X X X Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Synthesis, modification of membrane proteins, lipid synthesis ---- X X X X Golgi Body Final modification of membrane proteins; sorting, packaging lipids & proteins into vesicles ---- X X X X

Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide

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Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide Discovery of Viruses : ? While studying the tobacco mosaic disease that affects tobacco plants, scientist Dmitri Ivanovsky passed extracts of diseased tobacco leaves through filter pores small enough to strain out bacteria ( which was thought of as being pathogens) ? After realizing that the strained substance (thought to be disease free) could STILL pass on the disease, it lead him to believe that the pathogen was NOT bacteria?but what was it? Structure of Viruses : ? Basic viral structure includes genetic material (either DNA or RNA ? not both) surrounded by a protein called capsid. ? In some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid envelope that surface from which

Bio

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www.asbiology101.wordpress.com The figure below shows a bone marrow cell under the electron microscope. Complete the table below to show the functions of the structures labelled A to D. One has been done for you. Function Structure Label Controls substances which enter or leave the cell Contains digestive enzymes Carries out aerobic respiration Membrane surrounding the nucleus nuclear envelope D Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis The structure and function of the various organelles within animal and plant cells A B C D nucleus E

API Marieb Notes Chapter 3

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Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression
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Cell Biology
Ribosome
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Translation
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Nuclear pore
Gene
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Chapter 3: Cells Required Readings: pgs. 61 ? 77 and 81 - 106 Questions: Check your understanding #1, 3 ? 5, 8, 13, 17 ? 19, and 26 ? 31 Review questions #1 ? 6, 8, 10, 11, 13 ? 17, 21 ? 24; #8 Vocabulary terms: Cell Exocytosis Ribosomes Cell theory Endocytosis Cilia Plasma membrane Phagocytosis Flagella Selective permeability Pinocytosis Interphase Concentration gradient Receptor-mediated endocytosis G0 phase Homeostasis Microvilli G1 phase Integral proteins Tight junctions S phase Peripheral proteins Desmosomes G2 phase Hydrophobic tails Gap junctions Mitosis Hydrophilic heads Cytoplasm Mitotic phase Passive transport Nucleus Prophase Active transport Nuclear envelope Metaphase Solvent Nuclear pore Anaphase Solute

Cell Membrane

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Red blood cell
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Active transport - The transport of molecules across a membrane and against their natural flow; mediated by carrier proteins and requiring outside energy. Carrier protein - A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass through. Channel protein - A protein responsible for mediating the passive transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by its membrane-spanning hydrophilic structure which, when open, allows molecules to pass through.

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