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Vesicle

exam 2.2

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Introduction to Cell Biology Name: October 28, 2010 Student ID: Exam II - Version 1 Section 1: Complete each sentence with one of the two answers (A / B) (3 points each). 1. donate high-energy electrons for synthesis of ATP. A) NAD+ B) NADH 2. Modern eucaryotes depend on mitochondria to generate most of the cell?s ATP. A single molecule of glucose can generate molecules of ATP. A) 30 B) 36 3. gradient serves as an energy store and is used to drive the synthesis of ATP by the ATP synthase. A) Sodium B) Proton 4. The chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis in mitochondria is called . A) oxidative phosphorylation B) electron transfer 5. The cytochrome oxidase is a protein complex that receive electron from . A) cytochrome b-c1 complex

Cell Biology Review

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David Kim 4/2/14 Dr. Oliveira AP Biology All cells have plasma membranes, cytosol, chromosomes and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei so the genetic information is in what is called the nucleoid. Prokaryotes also lack membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have genetic information known as DNA bound by a nuclear envelope. They also have membrane bound organelles like the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

Basic Organelle Overview

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Organelles Pro/Euk/Both Plant/Animal/Both Function Structural Features Nucleus Euk Both Contains DNA(nucleic acid) Control center of cell. Builds ribosomes(in nucleolus) Sphere. Has a membrane. Contains nucleolus Cell Membrane Both Both Regulates materials entering/leaving, protects and supports cell Phospholipid bi-membrane with proteins suspended throughout. Cytoplasm Both Both Fills the cell. Oranelles are found in it. Vacuole and Vesicle Euk Both Store materials Membrane bound sacs Mitochondria Euk Both Convert chemical energy in food to usable compounds. Turned into ATP. Second largest, Double layered outer membrane is smooth, inner membrane is folded Ribosomes Both Both

enzyme lab attempt

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Cell Structure Chapter 4 Biology 1406 Fall 2013 Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life ? All organisms are composed of cells ? The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive ? Cells arise only from pre- existing cells ? Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 ?m 10 ?m 1 ?m 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Atoms Small molecules Lipids Proteins Ribosomes Viruses Smallest bacteria Mitochondrion Most bacteria Nucleus Most plant and animal cells Human egg Frog egg Chicken egg Length of some nerve and muscle cells

Ch. 6 Notes

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Cells

Ch. 6: A Tour of the Cell All organisms are made of cells simplest collection of matter that can be alive Microscopy progressed the discovery and early study of cells Robert Hooke looked at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree Antoni von Leeuwenhoek ? intro to the world of microorganisms Cell fractionation takes cells apart and separates major organelles and subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Euk: DNA is in the nucleus Pro: DNA is in the nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane) Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger Cytosol: semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Biological membrane: phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded Nucleus contains most of the genes in the cell

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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9/28/13 2:53 PM Tools used to study cells Microscopy Light microscope Electron microscope Scanning Transmission Cell fractionation - centrifuge Cells ? simplest collection of matter that can be alive All contain: Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm ? interior of cell Limited to small size because High SA to volume ration necessary for exchange between cell & environment As cells grow, volume increases at higher rate than SA Prokaryotic Lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles Nucleoid Location of DNA Not membrane enclosed Fimbriae Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Surface to volume ratio is important parameter affecting cell size & shape ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL Nucleus Functions: Houses chromosomes

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Ch.7 ? Membrane What makes something alive? What do all living things have in common? Carbon based Cells DNA Living organisms 1.8 million known species 10-100 million estimates species 3 domains Bacteria Archea Eukarya Same basic components Cells ? lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Eukaryotic ? nucleus & other membrane-bound structures Prokaryotic ? simpler, membrane & DNA Cells & tissues made from same set of chemicals Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Organic molecules/nutrients cycle through organisms & environment All organisms transfer & transform energy to power cellular processes Living organisms have been around for billions of years Prokaryotes ? 3.5 billion years ago Eukaryotes ? 2 billion Multi-cellular life ? 1.2 billion

AP Bio notes

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6.2 Eukaryotic Cells I. Eukaryotic cells include animal, plant, protest, and fungi cells. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea. A. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic 1. SMILARITIES a. bounded by plasma membrane b. within membrane is a semifluid substance called cytosol in which organelles are found c. chromosomes ? carrying genes in form of RNA/DNA d. ribosomes ? tiny organelles that make proteins from genes 2. DIFFERENCES Eukaryote Prokaryote - Nucleus (chromosomes) - Nucleoid (but no membrane separates it from rest of the cell)

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 2

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Lesson Overview 7.2 Cell Structure 7.2 Bellringer ? Division of Labor Division of Labor A cell is made up of many parts with different functions that work together. Similarly, the parts of a computer work together to carry out different functions. 1. List different parts & function of a computer. 2. How do the functions of these computer parts correspond to the functions of certain cell parts? 3. What might happen if one part of a computer stopped working? THINK ABOUT IT At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer diversity of activity can be confusing. However, if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first seem like chaos begins to make sense. The same is true for the living cell. Student Objectives

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