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Gene expression

Translation Lab

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Biology
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Biology
biochemistry
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular genetics
Nitrogen metabolism
Molecular biology
Genetic code
Amino acid
Proteinogenic amino acid
Translation
Stop codon

Zoe Collins Zoe Collins Assignment 1 Would two nucleotides at a time be sufficient to provide enough codons to code for all 20 amino acids? Why or why not? How many amino acids could be coded for by codons containing only two nucleotides? Will three nucleotides per codon work? Why or why not?Explain your answers.

TEST BANK

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
DNA Replication
Gene expression
Molecular biology
RNA
DNA
Replication fork
Okazaki fragments
Sense
Messenger RNA
Gene

Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein 7) Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA? D) nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base 9) Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA is advantageous for the cell because B) RNA acts as an expendable copy of the genetic material, allowing the DNA to serve as a permanent, pristine repository of the genetic material. C) many mRNA molecules can be transcribed from a single gene, increasing the potential rate of gene expression. D) B and C only

Protein Synthesis

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Biology
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Biology
biochemistry
Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression
Molecular biology
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosome
Amino acid
health

Protein Synthesis What are proteins? An organic molecule Building block is amino acids Examples: Enzymes Antibodies Hemoglobin Part of Cell Membrane Structural (Collagen) How Are Proteins Made? The instructions for building a protein are found on a gene (DNA). RNA copies the DNA code to make a protein. Step 1 of Protein Synthesis The 1st step is called TRANSCRIPTION Transcription (Transcribe) how would we define? Transcription The information in DNA must be written into mRNA code DNA strand mRNA Who is involved in Transcription? DNA and mRNA mRNA goes to the nucleus to copy DNA and takes the codons to the ribosome Step 2 of Protein Synthesis The 2nd step is called TRANSLATION Translation (Translate) how would we define? Translation

Freshman Biology

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Biology
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Biology
biochemistry
Genetics
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Start codon
final review

THE BIG PICTURE DNA RNA PROTEIN Replication Transcription Translation Nucleotide Structure SUGAR Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA PHOSPHATE BASE Function of DNA Replication Produce 2 DNA molecules identical to the parent molecule Each will be distributed to 2 new cells during mitosis & 4 gametes during meiosis Two things can happen to DNA: Replication - so that the cell can divide Transcription ? so that the code for making a protein can be sent into the cell TRANSCRIPTION Function Produce a temporary RNA copy complimentary to part of 1 DNA strand mRNA will be used to take DNA code to ribosome & make protein Transcription animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf Steps (in Nucleus)

protein synthesis

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Biology
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Biology
Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression
Molecular biology
Genetics
RNA
Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Genetic code
Ribosome
Gene
health

14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid The genetic code Sequence of nucleotides in DNA forms a code that determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. In eukaryotes the DNA code is largely confined to the nucleus. The synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm. Sections of the DNA code are transcribed onto a single-stranded molecule called ribonucleic acid RNA. There are a number of types of RNA. The one that transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm acts as a type of messenger and is called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores and to enter the cytoplasm, where the code that it contains is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the proteins which are synthesised there.

Genetics

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Biology
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Chemistry
RNA
Molecular biology
nucleic acids
Gene expression
Base pair
Thymine
DNA Replication
Nitrogenous base
DNA
health

4/2/13 1:14 PM DNA Deoxyribose Double Stranded (Double Helix) Nitrogenous bases (Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine) RNA Ribonucleic Single Stranded Nitrogenous bases (Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Uracil) Both have phosphate Cytosine = Guanine Adenine = Thymine DNA Replication is semi conservative. DNA Replication happens during interphase. One strand determines the sequence of the other strand. DNA polymerase copies DNA strands in the 5?->3? direction. Transcription ? The first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme, RNA polymerase. Translation ? The process through which cellular ribosomes manufacture proteins. In DNA, T=A G=C In RNA, T=A G=C A=U Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

API Marieb Notes Chapter 3

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Biology
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Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression
Membrane biology
Molecular biology
Cell Biology
Ribosome
cell
Translation
Messenger RNA
Nuclear pore
Gene
health

Chapter 3: Cells Required Readings: pgs. 61 ? 77 and 81 - 106 Questions: Check your understanding #1, 3 ? 5, 8, 13, 17 ? 19, and 26 ? 31 Review questions #1 ? 6, 8, 10, 11, 13 ? 17, 21 ? 24; #8 Vocabulary terms: Cell Exocytosis Ribosomes Cell theory Endocytosis Cilia Plasma membrane Phagocytosis Flagella Selective permeability Pinocytosis Interphase Concentration gradient Receptor-mediated endocytosis G0 phase Homeostasis Microvilli G1 phase Integral proteins Tight junctions S phase Peripheral proteins Desmosomes G2 phase Hydrophobic tails Gap junctions Mitosis Hydrophilic heads Cytoplasm Mitotic phase Passive transport Nucleus Prophase Active transport Nuclear envelope Metaphase Solvent Nuclear pore Anaphase Solute

bio

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Art History
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Polymerase chain reaction
DNA profiling
scientific method
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experiment
Taq polymerase
Gene expression
bacteria

Edexcel Specification Merchant Taylors? School BiologyBiologyBiologyBiology AAAA----LevelLevelLevelLevel A2 Core Practical A2 Core Practical A2 Core Practical A2 Core Practical WorkbookWorkbookWorkbookWorkbook 2 | P a g e 3 | P a g e 5.11 How to study the ecology of an area (see coursework) 5.17 How temperature affects the development of organisms 6.6 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 6.7 Electrophoresis 6.18 Which antibiotic is the most effective? 7.6 Investigating the rate of respiration 7.14 Spirometer and exercise 8.15 Habituation to a stimulus

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