macro ch 2
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Organic compounds
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Alkanes
Subject:
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ISU TOPIC: ALKANES Submitted to: Mr. Ram Submitted by: Patrick Do Course Code: SCH4U1 - 02 Date: Thursday February 14, 2013 Alkanes have no functional groups. They are essentially made up of carbon and hydrogen bonded together through single bonds. Alkanes can appear as alkyl groups. The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2. a) Straight chain alkanes: Number of Carbons Name of Compound Condensed Formula 1 Methane CH4 2 Ethane CH3 - CH3 3 Propane CH3 - CH2 - CH3 4 Butane CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 5 Pentane CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 b) Branched alkanes: Number of Carbons Name of Compound Condensed Formula 4 Isobutane (2-methyl propane) CH3 | CH3 - CH - CH3 5 Isopentane
Organic chemistry
Subject:
Organic Chemistry Name: _______________________
organic chemistry: the study of carbon-containing compounds
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hydrocarbons: compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
alkanes: contain only single bonds
alkenes (olefins): contain at least one C=C double bond
alkynes: contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
aromatic hydrocarbons: benzene-based
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structural isomers: compounds with the same molecular formula but different bonding
arrangements
e.g., C4H10
Organic Nomenclature
Memorize the first ten prefixes.
1 = meth-, 2 = eth-, 3 = prop-, 4 = but-, 5 = pent-,
6 = hex-, 7 = hept-, 8 = oct-, 9 = non-, 10 = dec-
NOTE: Hydrocarbon substituent groups use these prefixes and end in –yl.
Naming Alkanes
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