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Neuroscience

Module 4 part 2

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Doreen Pang Mrs. Trainor AP Psychology 7 October 2016 Module 4-2: Neural Communication and Neurotransmitters How Neurons Communicate Neurons are interweaved very intricately hard to see where one ends and another begins Santiago Ram?n y Cajal Concluded that individual neurons functions as independent agents within the nervous system. Charles Sherrington noticed neural impulses were taking too long to travel a neural pathway must be brief interruption in the transition Synapse the junction of Sherrington aka synaptic gap cleft Neurotransmitters when action potential reached the terminals at axon?s end triggers release of chemical messengers How Neurotransmitters Influence Us Are certain nerotrans. found only in specific places?

Module 4 part 1

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Doreen Pang Mrs. Trainor AP Psychology 5 October 2016 Module 4-1: Neural and Hormonal Systems Neural Communication Body?s info sys. is built from billions of neurons Systems are composed of smaller subsystems Biophysical systems Smaller system in med sys. in large sys. Biological psychologists Branch of psychology concerned with the links btwn biology and behvaior. gaining better understanding of: Sleep and dreams depression and schizophrenia hunger and sex stress and disease Neurons Neurons building blocks of the nervous system Dendrite fibers on a neuron that receive info and conduct it toward the cell body Axon fibers that pass the message along to other neurons Dendrites speaks, Axons listen Motor neurons controls muscles neural system?s giant redwoods Myelin Sheath

Ch9Thinking and Language

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Thinking Cognition: mental activity associated with processing, understanding , and communicating info To think about so many things, we group them into concepts: mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people Prototype:? The best representation of a concept (?mental img or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category.? I.e. A dog maybe a good example of the concept of four legged animals. Our memory of sth will shift toward the category prototype. Algorithm: A logical procedure guaranteed to solve a problem.? This method is slow but less likely to make mistakes. I.e. unscramble letters by nCr

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's history

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Wu 1 Alan Wu Mr. Jones Anatomy and Physiology 5 June 2012 A History of Alzheimer's Disease Progressive mental deterioration in old age has been recognized and described throughout history. However, it was not until 1906 that a German physician, Dr. Alois Alzheimer, specifically identified a collection of brain cell abnormalities as a disease. One of Dr. Alzheimer?s patients died after years of severe memory problems, confusion and difficulty understanding questions. Upon her death, while performing a brain autopsy, the doctor noted dense deposits surrounding the nerve cells (neuritic plaques). Inside the nerve cells he observed twisted bands of fibers (neurofibrillary tangles). Wu 2

Developmental Psychology Notes

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Developmental Psychology 9/30/2010 08:42:00 AM . Development ?progress over time and change (adaptive system), it?s about improvement and becoming what you are more or less intended to be (teleological assumption), ordering of steps/stages (crawling then walking), acquisition/learning, external factors (environment) play a role in shaping development. ? Teleological ?development follows a plan, genetic information is often interpreted this way o Examples: infants auditory system most sensitive to speech frequencies (the auditory system develops because it knows the frequency of tunes) ? Non-teleological ?development that does not follow a plan o Example: learning a specific language, languages evolve and change

Myers Psychology Chapter 2 Vocabulary (6th Edition)

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Biological Psychology – Focuses on links between biology and behavior. Neuron – A nerve cell Dendrite – Branching extension, receives messages Axon – Extension of a neuron, sends messages Myelin Sheath – Helps protect and insulate Action potential – A neural impulse, electrical charge that travels down the axon. Threshold – the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. Synapse – The junction between the axon tip (send) and the dendrite (receive) Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. Acetylcholine – Triggers muscle contractions Endorphins – “Natural morphine”, Pain control and pleasure. Nervous system – Electrochemical communication system of the body

Bipolar

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Bipolar Disorder Because there is no culture, no blood or urine test, no EKG or biopsy that specifically can diagnose bipolar disorder, you might wonder how the doctors arrived at that diagnosis. Like many psychiatric disorders, bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose. For many years, doctors have tried to clarify the guidelines they use to diagnose psychiatric disorders. However the experience of a given mental illness varies from one person to the next and this variation is one of the reasons mental illness can be so difficult to diagnose.

Psychology Psych-Outs

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Psych Psych-Outs Helpful Mnemonics for the AP Psychology Exam Glia- Glue of nutrition Neuron (Interpreted Dance)- Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Terminal Buttons, Synapse, Receptor Sites Neural Impulse- (Toilet) Action Potential= Firing or Flushing Refractory Period= Recharging or Refilling of toilet water Resting Potential= Ready to fire All or None Principle- Fires or doesn?t at the same intensity (toilet flushing doesn?t flush faster if you push the handle harder?) Reuptake- Slurp Acetylcholine- Attention Arousal Memory Dopamine- Sell Dope at the Park. Dope makes you feel good, Park Parkinson Disease low levels Norepinephrine- Norma has PMS= mood & arousal Serotonin- Ninja Turtles live in the SEWA Sleep Eating Wakefulness Aggression

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