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Classical antiquity

AP World Chapter 5 Summary

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Outline The basic themes of the three great classical civilizations of China, India, and the Mediterranean involved expansion and integration. Throughout the classical world, these themes faltered between 200 and 500 C.E., signaling the end of that era. The response of major religions to political decline formed a leading direction in the next phase of world history. Meanwhile, developments outside the classical orbit gained new prominence.

AP World Chapter 4 Summary

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Outline The civilizations of Greece and Rome rivaled those of India and China in cultural richness and their effect on world history. Their institutions and values reverberated in the later histories of the Middle East and Europe and Europe?s colonies around the world. The study of classical Mediterranean civilization is complicated because it includes Greek and then Roman political, social, and economic institutions, which were sometimes shared but often unique.

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Chapter 5
The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. I. Expansion and Integration a. Key point – how did classical civilizations adjust to expansion i. Between 550>400 BCE Confucius, Laozi, Buddha, Socrates 1. Need to articulate central values b. How did they all unite? i. China – more centralized ii. Mediterranean – more localized/diverse iii. India – key religious values – not as vulnerable to collapse – like Rome c. What are the two challenges of integration? i. Territorial – how to command 1. China – language for elite, resettlement 2. Rome – local autonomy, tolerance 3. India – spread caste system ii. Social – inequality between men/women – upper/lower class 1. China – hierarchy – deference – obedience – Confucian
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