Tissues

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Xylem

Phloem

Osmosis

Vascular plant

Water potential

Absorption of water

Mica Piro Chapter 36: Resource Acquisition & Transport in Vascular Plants Adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in the evolution of vascular plants (36.1) EVOLUTON Land plants typically inhabit 2 worlds?above ground (where shoots acquire sunlight and CO2) and below ground (where roots acquire water and minerals) The algal ancestors of land plants absorbed water, minerals, and CO2 directly from the water in which they lived Earliest land plants were nonvascular plants that grew photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived The leafless shoots had waxy cuticles and few stomata, which allowed them to avoid excessive water loss while still permitting some exchange of CO2 and O2 for photosynthesis

Campbell Biology Chapter 35 Outline

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Plant Anatomy

Bark

Mica Piro Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, & Development Plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, and cells (35.1) An organ consists of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions A tissue is a group of cells, consisting of one or more cell types that together perform a specialized function Vegetative growth (production of leaves, stems, and roots) is only one stage in a plant?s life Most plants undergo growth relating to sexual reproduction In angiosperms, reproductive growth is associated with the production of flowers The 3 Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Bio Ch. 42

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Acclimatization - short-term, reversible responses to environmental fluctuations // phenotypic change in an individual in response to short-term changes in the natural environment. The ability to acclimatize is itself an adaptation. As an individual develops, the embryonic tissues give rise to four adult tissue types: 1. Connective tissue loose connective tissue - fibrous proteins in a soft matrix; serves as a packing material b/w organs or padding under the skin (ex: reticular connective tissue in lymphoid organs such as the spleen and bone marrow/ adipose tissue or fat tissue are loose connective tissues made up of cells suspended in a matrix of fibers and fluid) dense connective tissue - found in tendons and ligaments that connect muscles, bones,

AP Bio Review

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AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells

AP Bio Review

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AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells

Animal and Plant Cell Lab

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cell

Vacuole

Maia Regman Mrs. Magnan Biology Honors 28 October 2013 Plant and Animal Cells Objective The objective of this lab was to learn what a microscope reveals about plant and animal cells. The completion of this lab should teach the participant the differences between plant and animal cells and how to examine samples of the covering tissues of a plant (the onion) and of an animal (the participant) using the epidermis and cells from a cheek swab of epithelial tissue. Materials Packet Pages L14 to L16 Onion Chunks Compound Microscope Microscope Slides Covers Slips Water Pipette Lugol?s Iodine Solution Tweezers (optional) Paper Towels Flat Toothpicks Procedures. Part A: Cells of the Onion Epidermis Gently peel off one of the thin layers of the inside of the onion chunk.

BIO 1b plants 9

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Plant Anatomy

Plant physiology

Bark

Cambium

Dr. Feldman?s Lecture Outlines - 13 Lecture 9, Shoots, secondary structure -Secondary growth responsible for increase in width -Results from the vascular cambium which is a lateral meristem. -produces seconday xylem = wood -produces secondary phloem = bark -Origin of the vascular cambium -how does it function? -fusiform initials = axial (up and down) system -ray initials = radial system -Rays -characteristics -Annual rings -Monocots lack a vascular cambium -how do they then increase in width? -The cork cambium -is another type of lateral meristem -produces cork -periderm = cork and associated layers -cork may arise in 2 ways. The first (and sometimes only cork cambium) arises in outer layers of cortex beneath epidermis. The second cork cambium arises in outer regions of

BIO 1b plants 8

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Plant Anatomy

Leaf

Dr. Feldman?s Lecture Outlines - 12 Lecture 8, Shoots, primary structure -Shoot system -consists of leaves, branches, stems, flowers and fruits -Shoot apical meristem -established during embryogeny -responsible for extension growth -consist of leaf primordium (ia), bud primordia (ium) - protoderm ?> epidermis -ground meristem ?> pith and cortex -procambium ?> primary xylem and primary phloem -Shoot system as viewed in cross section -dicot -monocot -Axillary buds -Patterns and arrangements of leaves= phyllotaxis -Fibonacci series -When leaf arrangement was examined it was found that spirals could be drawn to connect up the leaves. The spirals could go both clock-wise and counter-clock- wise. The number of spirals running in the two directions is known as the Fi-

Plant Form and Function

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Bark

Campbell Biology 9th edition

Biology 225: Chapter 35 Q: What are the two systems of a plant and what are they responsible for? A: The Root System (roots) is responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the ground whereas the shoot system (the stems and leaves) is responsible for obtaining light and carbon dioxide from above the ground. Both systems cannot live without the other; the roots require sugar produced by photosynthesis which comes from the shoot system and the shoots require the water and minerals absorbed by the root system for survival. Q: What is the difference between an Angiosperm and a Gymnosperm? A: Vascular Plants with Seeds Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Zoology