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Metal

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 5c

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Elemental & Families Properties Their 1 Hydrogen: A Family of Its Own Why is it by itself? Can lose or gain one electron Discovered by Cavendish Physical properties (PP) Chemical properties (CP) Uses Hydrogen: A Family of Its Own Physical properties (PP) colorless, odorless, tasteless gas Chemical properties (CP) active, like a Group 1A metal or a Group 7A nonmetal diatomic can react with metals to form metallic hydrides Hydrogen: A Family of Its Own Uses ammonia fuel cells ?rocket? fuel Hydrogen: A Family of Its Own Supposed to have initially formed H & He Big Bang 6 Group 1: The Alkali Metal Family Physical properties light, soft, shiny, conduct electricity well 7 Chemical properties most reactive metals eager to lose lone outer e? never occur naturally

Chemistry The central science

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Electron affinity: Cl(g) + e? Cl?(g) ?E = ?349 kJ/mol Ionization energy: Cl(g) Cl+(g ) + e? ?E = 1251 kJ/mol Substance to be an acid Disolve in water to form acidic solution or React with a base Metals Form cations in aq M M2+ + 2e? Low I1 Metals + non-metals salt (ionic compound) Metal oxides basic: Metal oxides + H20 metal hydroxide (OH-) (not all) Metal + O2 metal O2- (Ionic Solid) Acid + metal salt (aq) + H2 (g) Acid + metal OH- salt (aq/s) + H2O (l) Acid + metal O2- salt (aq/s) + H2O (l) Acid + metal HCO2-3 salt (aq/s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acid + metal HCO-2 salt (aq/s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acid + metal S2- salt (aq/s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acids + Metals Soluble Water Acid Product NiO (clear) No HNO3 (clear) Ni(NO3)2 (Green)

Metal Nonmetal and Metalloid

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7.6 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids The more an element exhibits the physical and chemical properties of metals, the greater its metallic character. Metals: Good conductor of heat and electricity. Malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires). Tend to have low ionization energies and therefore tend to form positive ions relatively easily. Are oxidized. Compounds of metals with nonmetals tend to be ionic substances (halides). Most metal oxides are basic. Metal oxide + water -> metal hydroxide Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water Nonmetals: Nonmetals vary greatly in appearances. Because of their electron affinities, nonmetals tend to gain electrons when they react with metals.
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