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Intelligence tests

Module 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

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Psychology
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intelligence
meyers
8th Edition

Module 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence 33-1 Genetic Influences people who share the same genes also share comparable mental abilities intelligence test scores of identical twins raised together are virtually the same brain scans indicate identical twins have the same gray matter volume adopted children?s intelligence scores become more like those of their biological parents over time and identical twins similarities continue or increase into their 80s. aka genes influence a lot. heritability ? the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. If environments become more equal, the heritability of intelligence would INCREASE

Assessing Intelligence Module 32

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32
meyers
8th Edition

32-1 Assessing Intelligence intelligence test ? a method for assessing an individual?s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores The Origins of Intelligence Testing Although science strives for objectivity, individual scientists are affected by their own assumptions and attitudes Alfred Binet: Predicting School Achievement Modern intelligence testing began at the turn of the 20th century when France required all children attend school To minimize bias, in 1904 France commissioned Alfred Binet to study the problem Binet assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development but that some develop quicker than others

Terman's Termites

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Termite

Terman?s ?Termites? were intellectually gifted children, identified by their superior aptitude demonstrated on the Stanford Binet test at the age of 10. The criteria for selection was not random. Students were recommended by teachers and principals. These children were compared with 100 children deemed as having a lesser chance at success in life. This is hailed as the first true longitudinal study. It sought to track the social development of gifted children over a lifetime and, in effect, dispel the stereotype of profoundly gifted children as socially awkward people.

Heritability Explained

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Heritability

A researcher seeking to quantify the influence of genes or environment on a trait needs to be able to separate the effects of one factor away from that of another. This kind of research often begins with attempts to calculate the heritability of a trait. Heritability quantifies the extent to which variation among individuals in a trait is due to variation in the genes those individuals carry. In animals where breeding and environments can be controlled experimentally, heritability can be determined relatively easily. Such experiments would be unethical for human research. This problem can be overcome by finding existing populations of humans that reflect the experimental setting the researcher wishes to create.
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