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Hydrogen bond

Biology

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AP BIOLOGY VOCABULARY BioChemistry anion atomic mass atomic number cation chemical equilibrium covalent bond electronegativity hydrogen bond ionic bond isotope mass number orbital trace element valence valence electron van der Waals interaction acid adhesion aqueous solution base buffer cohesion heat heat of vaporization hydration shell hydrophilic hydrophobic molarity mole molecular mass pH solution specific heat surface tension temperature alcohol amino group carbonyl group carboxyl group enantiomer functional group hydroxyl group isomer organic chemistry phosphate group sulfhydryl group helix pleated sheet amino acid antiparallel carbohydrate cellulose chaperonin chitin cholesterol condensation reaction conformation denaturation deoxyribose fatty acid gene glycogen hydrolysis

Chapter 3 Notes

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Joey Miller AP Biology Chapter 3: Water and Life The Molecule that Supports Life Water is the biological medium here on Earth. Water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter. The solid state of water floats on the liquid, a rare property emerging from the chemistry of the water molecule. Polar Covalent Bonds in Water Molecules Result in Hydrogen Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds ? the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to one atom than another atom Polar Molecule ? The overall charge of a molecule is unevenly distributed

Biology Chemical Bonds PPT

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Biol 210 General Biology 1 Lecture 2 Review Chemical Bonds Atomic Structure Nucleus Protons, mass = 1, charge = +1 Neutrons, mass = 1, charge = 0 Electrons Mass = negligible Charge = -1 # e? = # protons Outer shell (most energenic) e??s form chemical bonds Isotopes Some isotopes are stable, such as 1H2 Other isotopes are unstable, such as 1H3. When tritium decays, it gives off ? particle. Because the mass of an element includes the average isotope abundance, the mass and the atomic weight differ slightly Helium, He, atomic number 4, mass 4.003 Important Elements C HOPKINS CaFe Mg C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen P = phosphorous K = potassium I = iodine N = nitrogen S = sulfur Ca = calcium Fe = iron Mg = magnesium Na = sodium Cl = chloride

Chapter 2

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AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. Whether your teacher goes over this chapter, or assigns it for you do review on your own, the questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. Define and give an example of the following terms: matter element compound 2. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter?

Inter/IntraMolecular Forces

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3 Types of bonds: [IONIC, COVALENT, METALLIC] ---> Intramolecular forces INTERmolecular Forces: Force of attraction between molecules Ionic > [Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole-Dipole > LDF] <---Covalent A. Dipole-Dipole 1. Definition - Positive (Polarity) seeks negative 2. Happens between POLAR molecules EX: HCl attracts HCl H-Cl --><-- H-Cl B. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Definition - Attraction between Hydrogen atoms and unshared electrons of Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), or Florine (F). 2. STRONG attraction <---IMPORTANT 3. Holds DNA strands together EX: H2O attracts H2O (Dipole-Dipole is there too) HAVE POLARITY C. London Dispersion Forces (LDF)

AP Biology Campbell/Reece 8e Chapter 3 Notes

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Chapter 3 – Water and the Fitness of the Environment 3.1 – The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding • Polar molecule – two ends of the molecule have opposite charges • Oxygen: δ- • Hydrogen: δ+ • Positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to negative oxygen of another in a hydrogen bond 3.2 – Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s fitness for life • Four properties: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent • Cohesion – the bonding of similar molecules through hydrogen bonds • Adhesion – the clinging of one substance to another • Surface tension – a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid • Kinetic energy – energy of motion

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