economics

Module 21: Fiscal Policy and the Multiplier ? Why fiscal policy has a multiplier effect How the multiplier effect is influenced by automatic stabilizers ? Multiplier Effects of an Increase in Government Purchases of Goods and Services Government purchase ? firms earn revenues ? money flows to households ? increase disposable income ? rise in consumer spending ? firms increase output ? rise in disposable income ? Multiplier Effects of Changes in Government Transfers and Taxes Fiscal Policy: government purchases of goods and services change transfer payments or taxes change in government transfers or taxes shifts the aggregate demand curve by less than an equal-sized change in government purchases

Module 19: Equilibrium in the Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Model -The difference between short-run and long-run macroeconomic equilibrium -The causes and effects of demand shocks and supply shocks -How to determine if an economy is experiencing a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap and how to calculate the size of output gaps The AD?AS Model: the aggregate supply curve and the aggregate demand curve are used together to analyze economic fluctuations Price shock: dramatic fall in short-run aggregate supply Short-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium: when the quantity of aggregate output supplied is equal to the quantity demanded Short-run equilibrium aggregate output: the quantity of aggregate output produced in the short-run macroeconomic equilibrium