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Mandarin Chinese

5.1 Notes (APHG)

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Languages Ethnologue ? 7,472 languages & dialects, 7,102 ?living? (used on a daily basis on the means of communication) There is a lot of diversity 10 languages natively spoken by at least 100 million people (English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Punjabi, Mandarin, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic, Japanese) 100 languages spoken by 5 million or more people 13 spoken fluently (including as a secondary language) by at least 100 million (10 from above PLUS French, Urdu, German) Literary tradition ? written form of a language Vigorous language ? language without a literary tradition Harder to learn and study Official language ? adopted by law by a gov?t for communication Official means of communication for business, laws, signs, etc. Language is a cultural value

Chapter 5: Key Issue #1 APHG

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Languages Ethnologue ? 7,472 languages & dialects, 7,102 ?living? (used on a daily basis on the means of communication) There is a lot of diversity 10 languages natively spoken by at least 100 million people (English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Punjabi, Mandarin, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic, Japanese) 100 languages spoken by 5 million or more people 13 spoken fluently (including as a secondary language) by at least 100 million (10 from above PLUS French, Urdu, German) Literary tradition ? written form of a language Vigorous language ? language without a literary tradition Harder to learn and study Official language ? adopted by law by a gov?t for communication Official means of communication for business, laws, signs, etc. Language is a cultural value

Chapter 5 outline

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Chapter 5 Origin and Diffusion of English- *English is spoken fluently by one-half billion people, more then any language except Mandarin. *Mandarin is clustered in China, while English has diffused world wide. *English is an official language in 50 countries English Colonies: *Distribution of English is because of migrants from England *English is an official language in almost all of its past colonies *English first diffused west --> went to N. America in 17th century *English beat France in a battle in 18th century--secured English as a principal language in N.America
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