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Environmental economics

Living in the Environment Chapter 1 Notes

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Environmental Science
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Natural environment
Environmental social science
Ecological economics
Environmentalism
Sustainable design
Resource economics
Sustainability
Ecological footprint
Natural capital
Environmental economics
Resource
Sustainable living

Chapter 1 Notes Intro to Environmental Science Environment: the natural world around us, creates a complex web with humanity that cannot be separated Environmental science: a blend of natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities Goals are to learn: How nature works How the environment affects us How we affect the environment How to deal with environmental problems How to live more sustainably Ecology is a major offshoot It studies organisms and their relationships to each other and the natural world around them Different from environmentalism Environmentalism is more political and social focused than science focused Sustainability: ability of Earth?s natural systems and human cultural systems to live sufficiently for an indefinite amount of time

APES Chapter 1 notes

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Environmental Science
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Natural environment
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Cengage
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Environmental economics

1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER ? SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN ? Cengage Learning 2015 ? Cengage Learning 2015 1 The Lorax: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V06ZOQuo0k ? Cengage Learning 2015 A transition in human attitudes toward the environment, and a shift in behavior, can lead to a much better future for the planet in 2065 Sustainability The capacity of the earth?s natural systems and human cultural systems to survive, flourish, and adapt into the very long-term future Core Case Study: A Vision of a More Sustainable World in 2065 ? Cengage Learning 2015 Nature has sustained itself for billions of years by using solar energy, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling

Apes Ch 15 Test

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Environmental Science
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Soft matter
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Matter
Environmental economics
Fuels
Oils
Petroleum
Energy industry
Energy development

Chapter 15 NONRENEWABLE ENERGY Multiple Choice Questions Core Case Study Sometime between the years 2050 and 2100 we should have approximately how much of the world?s projected global reserves of conventional oil remaining? 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Level: Difficult Answer: D Which of the following is not one of the options if we begin to run out of oil? Use less. Make more. Look for more. Waste less. Use other energy sources. Level: Moderate Answer: B If the people of the world continue to use our oil reserves at the current rate, we will have to find new reserves, the size of Saudi Arabia?s reserves, every _____ years. 100 50 25 20 10 Level: Moderate Answer: E 15-1 What Major Sources of Energy Do We Use?

Tragedy of the Commons

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Biology
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Land use
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Game theory
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Tragedy of the commons
Human geography
Garrett Hardin
The commons
William Forster Lloyd
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Tragedy of the Commons

Foreign Policy: What happens after Gadhafi? (CNN Opinion) After Gadhafi, the first challenge will be security. Failure to maintain public order is what got us into big trouble in Iraq, where Saddam Hussein?s ?stay behind? operation stirred civic unrest and destroyed government buildings. The murder in Libya last month of the overall rebel commander is a reminder that internecine warfare among the more than forty-five rebel militias is a real possibility. People who lost family and tribal members to the Gadhafi regime may seek to settle scores. Former regime elements may seek to defend themselves and to ?privatize? state assets. Criminals will see opportunities to traffic in arms, drugs and even people.

Externalities

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Economics
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Internet
CNote
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Day 7 Spillover or Externality: When the price paid for a good does not cover ALL the costs of use (e.g. gasoline) (they don?t go away, they exist and always are there and are paid for one way or another) Costs thus ?spill over? to 3rd parties who then must pay (negative) Are OVERPRODUCED Supply shifts to the left -> Taxes, Lawsuits, Fines, Regulations Economic activity that produced external benefits will tend to be under-produced. The demand curve which measures only private benefits, will not accurately reflect all benefits. The school subsidizes Aposhian to get the flu shot. List of every different kind of tax you pay in February: sales - 8.5%; regressive (burdens lower more than higher) corporation income - 34%; capital gains payroll

externalities

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Economics
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Coase theorem
Externalities- When an economic transaction happens there are spillovers some bad and some good Spillover Costs (pollution, crime, etc) Spillover Benefits some good ( better health, quicker transportation) What should government do to externalities, when should they get involved People controlled Coase theorem- If there are no large bargaining costs, people will do what is best for both them and “community”. Lawsuits – Nuisance suits are common but do they contain spillovers? Punitive damages sometimes do the trick, but companies will always weigh activity versus cost of big lawsuit, Big tobacco, McDonalds’ coffee etc… Government action
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