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Labor

Minimum Wage

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Minimum Wage Nathan Yu ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Question 1 (Suggested time?40 minutes. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Minimum Wage has been a highly controversial topic for many years. Supporters argue that it is necessary in that minimum wage provides more to workers, allowing them to live better lives. Others argue that minimum wage may provide temporary benefits, it only causes harm to the economy as it causes inflation and unemployment.

ap History

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Europeans Enter Africa People of Europe were able to reach sub-Saharan Africa around 1450 when the Portuguese invented the caravel, a ship that should sail into the wind. This ship allowed sailors to sail back up the western coast of Africa and back to Europe. The Portuguese set up trading posts along the African beaches trading with slaves and gold, trading habits that were originally done by the Arabs and Africans. The Portuguese shipped the slaves back to Spain and Portugal where they worked on the sugar plantations.

Extra Vocab

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12. Labor shortage led to higher wages than in East, but job instability (after harvest or RR completion, ect) led to communities of jobless in cities. Workers mostly mobile, single men Competition from Chinese immigrants, whom employers could usually hire for lower wages then white Anglo- Am. Out of work Working class highly multiracial, but whites generally occupied higher job levels (management + skilled labor) than nonwhites in unskilled labor. Dual labor system reinforced by racial assumptions that held nonwhites more suited for worse conditions + harder labor- allowed whites greater social mobility 13. News of gold or silver strike in an area would start a stampede of CA gold rush several stages of settlement

Work and Power

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Work and Power Scientific Work Energy can be transferred into or out of a system by work Work: a measure of energy transferred into or out of a system by a force (F) acting over a distance(d) Work needs 3 key ingredients: force, displacement, and cause Work is only done when force acts upon an object to cause a displacement of the object Work is only done when components of a force are parallel to the object?s displacement Examples: a teacher applying a force to a wall becomes exhausted NOT WORK no displacement A book falls off a table and free falls to the ground NOT WORK no force to cause displacement a rocket accelerates through space WORK A force causes a displacement

AP Macroeconomics notes part 1

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AP Macroeconomics Study Guide ? Version 1.00 I. Basic Economic Concepts Economic Goals 1. Economic growth ? produce more and better goods and services 2. Full employment ? suitable jobs for all citizens who are willing and able to work 3. Economic efficiency ? achieve the maximum production using available resources 4. Price-level stability ? avoid large fluctuations in the price level (inflation + deflation) 5. Economic freedom ? businesses, workers, consumers have a high degree of freedom in economic activities 6. Equitable distribution of income ? try to minimize gap between rich and poor 7. Economic security ? provide for those who are not able to earn sufficient income 8. Balance of trade ? try to seek a trade balance with the rest of the world

Industrial Revolution

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Advances in Agriculture Crop Rotation ? rotate crops properly to use all fields Urbanization ? movement from rural to urban areas Enclosure movement ? landowners buy enclosed land Seed Drill ? Jethro Tull invented this to push seed to the ground Natural Resources Vs. Factors of Productions Natural Resources: river (in land transporation) , coals (for fuels), iron (to construct machinery, tools), harbors (for merchant ships) Factors of Production: political stability, resources: land labor, capital Major Inventions (Textiles) Flying Shuttle ? doubled work in a day for weaving Spinning Jenny ? spinning frame sped up spinning thread (John Kay) Cotton Gin ? multiplied the amount of gin to be cleansed (Eli Whitney) Major Inventions (Transportation)

APUSH Ch. 16-18 Notes

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Ch. 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 Slavery gets new life (death): As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin ? slavery was reinvigorated Members of the planter aristocracy ? dominated society and politics in the South All of the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom - cotton accounted for half the value of all American exports after 1840 the South produced more than half the entire world?s supply of cotton. 75% of the British supply of cotton came from the South quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise But the South did not reap all the profits from the cotton trade Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because ? its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land
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