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AP European History Science and Technology Developments Outline

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Scientific and Technological Developments Scientific and Technological Developments Science and Technology in the 16th Century 15th Century Printing press invented by Johannes Gutenburg Allowed for mass production of books, newspapers, and other reading material 16th Century Copernican Revolution (1543) - Copernicus states that the Earth is not center of universe and that planets revolve around sun Weapons Guns Slow match Wheel lock Increase in handguns Bow and Arrow Phased out during 16th century Surgery Leonardo de Vinci Advanced surgery Made accurate drawings of human body Andreas Vesalius Ambroise Pare Thermometer Invented by Galilei Microscope Zacharias Janssen Flushing toilet Sir John Harrington Failed to catch on at first 17th Century

list of important people- ap euro

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List of Important People in Order Popes Pius II- ended the Conciliar Movement by issuing the papal bull Execrabilis Sixtus IV- used nepotism to promote his own family in the church Alexander VI- Julius II- “warrior pope” and worked on the present St. Peters Basilica; high renaissance Leo X- excommunicated Luther and sold indulgences France Charles VII- King during the 100 year war; worked with the estates-general to establish a royal army and to levy taille. Louis XI- “spider king”, The king of Absolute monarchy, manipulated the estates-general by making taille permanent Charles VIII- invaded Naples in 1494, invited by Sforza to invade Florence, started the Italian Wars

The Age of Nation-States

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Summary Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States • Revolutions of 1848 was defeat for liberalism and nationalism • Italy and Germany would soon unite • Reform in Habsburg, Ottoman Empire and Russia • France would be a republic • Most reforms occurred under conservative leadership • Had to maintain loyalty of subjects at home The Crimean War (1853-1856) The Crimean War was started by Russia trying to control the ottoman empire Russia protected Orthodox Christians and France the Catholics Russia used right to protect Orthodox Christians to occupy Moldavia and Walachia Russia was also shooting for the breakup of the Ottoman Empire Britain and France opposed Russian expansion Austria and Prussia stayed neutral

AP Euro ch. 20

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Chapter 20 IDs Estates: They were representative assemblies that were composed of three houses: the clergy, the nobility, and the townsmen. Enlightened Despots: Enlightened absolutism is used to describe the Prussian and Habsburg monarchies of the eighteenth century. They embraced ideas that they were there to serve the state. Catherine the Great: The Despot of Russia at the age of enlightened monarchs. She announced a new experiment in 1767 in the direction of representative government. Catherine convened a Legislative Commission, a body of delegates from various strata of Russian society who were invited to present grievances, propose reforms, and then debate the proposals. ?

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