Aldehyde

Chapter 18 ?2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Ketones and Aldehydes Chapter 18 * Carbonyl Compounds Chapter 18 Chapter 18 * Carbonyl Structure Carbon is sp2 hybridized. C?O bond is shorter, stronger, and more polar than C?C bond in alkenes. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 * Ketone Nomenclature Number the chain so that carbonyl carbon has the lowest number. Replace the alkane -e with -one. 3-methyl-2-butanone 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone C H 3 C O C H C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C O C H C H 3 C H 2 O H 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Chapter 18 Chapter 18 * Ketone Nomenclature (Continued) For cyclic ketones, the carbonyl carbon is assigned the number 1. 3-bromocyclohexanone O B r 1 3 Chapter 18 Chapter 18 * C H 3 C H 2 C H C H 3 C H 2 C H O Aldehydes Nomenclature

Chapter 9 ? 2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Alkynes Chapter 9 * Introduction Alkynes contain a triple bond. General formula is CnH2n-2. Two elements of unsaturation for each triple bond. Some reactions resemble the reactions of alkenes, like addition and oxidation. Some reactions are specific to alkynes. Chapter 9 Chapter 9 * Nomenclature: IUPAC Find the longest chain containing the triple bond. Change -ane ending to -yne. Number the chain, starting at the end closest to the triple bond. Give branches or other substituents a number to locate their position. Chapter 9 Chapter 9 * Examples of Nomenclature