AP World History
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Sumer
Outline
Chapter 2 Summary
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Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa CHAPTER SUMMARY Full civilizations emerged first in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, by 3500 B.C.E., and in Egypt by 3000 B.C.E. along the Nile. The two very different civilizations had distinct political and cultural characteristics which influenced both neighboring and distant succeeding generations. Both civilizations encountered difficulties around 1000 B.C.E. as the rivervalley period ended, but by then they produced offshoots in neighboring regions. Setting the Scene: The Middle East by 4000 B.C.E. The first civilizations developed through gradual agricultural consolidation and technical advance. The resulting more complex economy created the need
The Earth and its People CH 1 Identifications
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Justin Park Justin Park Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 BCE (IDs and Significance) Before Civilization Civilization: an ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture: Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Culture also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology History: The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices
Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.)
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Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.) 1. Agricultural Revolution: more precise than "Neolithic Revolution" b/c emphasizes central role of food production & signals changeover occurred many times 2. amulets: small charms meant to protect bearer from evil; survival suggests widespread belief in magic (use of special words & rituals to manipulate forces of nature) 3. Babylon: most important city in southern Mesopotamia in 2nd & 1st millennia B.C.E. 4. city-state: self-governing urban center & agricultural territories it controlled 5. civilization: indicated by: -cities that served as administrative centers -political system based on control of defined territory rather than on kinship connections
World Civilizations: The Global Experience 6th Edition Chapter 1 notes
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Chapter 1 notes
Unit 2
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Chapter 2 Outline ? I. Snapshot of the city of Uruk ?????? II. Settlement, pastoralism, and trade ???????????? A. Development of cities (3500?BCE) ?????????????????????? 1. Populations moved close to reliable water sources ?????????????????????? 2. Climate change led to longer growing seasons ?????????????????????? 3. Cities scarce and only in select areas ???????????????????????????? a. Needed stable river system ???????????????????????????? b. Fertile soil ???????????????????????????? c. Access to water for irrigation ???????????????????????????? d. Availability of domesticated plants and animals ?????????????????????? 4. Labor specialization led to trade outside cities ???????????????????????????? a. Raw materials traded for finished goods
Chapter 12
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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility
Works of Art Chapter 2
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Title: Modern Warka Date: 3200-3000 BCE Culture/Period: Sumerian Context: temple Patron: temple was to Anu but work did not have a patron Artist: Materials: mud bricks 4 stories above street level Bottom base is a ziggurat Temple (worship to gods) is on top Religious and government purposes Select leaders were only allowed to go to the temple Title: Modern Tell Asmar Date: 2700 BCE Culture/Period: Sumerian Context: hold beakers for religious rites, symbolized constant praying, votive offering Found underneath floorboards in a temple Patron: Artist: 2 ? feet War Side Title: Tell Muqayyar, STANDARD OF UR Date: 2600 BCE Culture/Period: Sumerian Context: Patron: Artist: Found in a tomb in a royal cemetery Materials: lapis lazuli and red limestone Peace Side
Stearns Chapter 1 outline
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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility
Fertile Crescent
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THE FERTILE CRESCENT I. Geography A. The Fertile Crescent begins at the Isthmus of Suez, extends northward along the eastern end of the Mediterranean and swings in a half circle south of the highlands of Asia Minor and Armenia. It then curves southeastward ending at the Persian Gulf. B. Because it is shaped like a new moon, it is called a Crescent. C. The Fertile Crescent, like Egypt, was surrounded by deserts and mountains. 1. The areas were not as barren as those around Egypt. 2. Tribes of herdsmen lived in these areas and from time to time invaded the Fertile Crescent. D. The Tigris-Euphrates River Valley was the site of the earliest civilizations. 1. The Valley had various names throughout history. a. The Greeks called the northern part Mesopotamia (?between rivers?)
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