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Molecular cloning

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Bio Study Guide Proteins are made of amino acids that are strung together in a chain. Each 3-letter DNA sequence, or codon, encodes a specific amino acid. DNA-->mRNA-->Protein: Dna to mrna is called transcription, mrna to protein is translation DNA is a double helix, backbone is made up of sugar and phosphate DNA is made up of 4 nucleotides Adenine and Thymine always pair, Guanine and Cytosine always pair DNA Technology and Genomics E. Coli- an organism used to clone genes Restriction Enzyme- Used to cut DNA at a specific location for splicing Biotechnology-Using organisms or their components to make useful products Genetic engineering-direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes Plasmid- a small piece of bacterial DNA used for gene transfer

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Chapter 20 Biotechnology Overview: The DNA Toolbox Sequencing of the human genome was completed by 2007 DNA sequencing has depended on advances in technology, starting with making recombinant DNA In recombinant DNA, nucleotide sequences from two different sources, often two species, are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecule Methods for making recombinant DNA are central to genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes DNA technology has revolutionized biotechnology, the manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products An example of DNA technology is the microarray, a measurement of gene expression of thousands of different genes Fig. 20-1

AP BIO Ch. 20 Study Guide

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS PAGE 375 Mapping and sequencing of human genome has been accomplished Via recombinant DNA ?. Genes from two different sources Genetic engineering?? manipulaton of genes? Biotechnology ?..manipulation to make useful products? Microbes to make wine and cheese, selective breeding of livestock DNA Cloning Making multiple identical copies of gene-sized DNA A gene inserted into a plasmid Bacteria reproduces?.recombinant plasmid is replicated Diagram pg 376 Potential uses ?.. Produce a protein product Ex. Gene for human growth hormone Produce many copies of gene So the gene nucleotide sequence can be determined Or give an organism a new metabolic ability?.pest Resistance?.
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